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7/27/2019 Theories on Origin of State
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7/27/2019 Theories on Origin of State
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Divine Right Theoryo oldest theory on the origin of a state
o the state was created by God and the
rulers were ordained and given
authority by God to govern the people
o to oppose the divine rule is an act ofheresy
o The King does no wrong.
o The king was subject to the judgementby God alone but not by his subjects or
the people. (passive obedience)
o
unlawful exercise turns to tyranny
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Divine Right Theoryo opposed by the church/popes since
they believe they are the rightful
representatives of God
o the people then questioned the kings
authority saying he does not have theright to act irresponsibly and his duty is
bound to respect the law of the land
o able to enforce unity and disciplineamong the citizens
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Social Contract Theoryo the state was formed thru an
agreement (social contract) among men
who lived in the state of nature
o state of nature men lived together w/o
anyone to enforce peace and order andsettle conflicts
o was made known by 3 political
philosophers:
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Thomas Hobbeso his theory was influenced by the civil wars
in Englando state of nature is despicable, nasty and
brutish hence man must submit their
natural right to a great Leviathan who will
bring peace, order and security.
o The Leviathan holds absolute power and
the people has no right to revolt or go
against himo Men are so naturally mean and aggressive
that only the strongest power in a state
can hold and check mens violent
impulses.
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Thomas Hobbeso not really a social contract since no
agreement between the ruler and the ruledo the ruler has no obligation towards his
subjects at the same time they cannot limit
the exercise of power of the ruler.
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John Locke
o men are rational beings and can make
use of the law of nature for their owngood
o in this social contract, voluntary
consent is given to create the statewhose purpose is to promote and
preserve the rights to life, liberty and
property of the people
o this theory that man themselves gave
up the state of nature to form a civil
society
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John Locke
o when the government does not serve
its purpose anymore it can be removedor overthrown
o man should retain natural and the
authority to rule (sovereign power)should be given to the monarch but to
the peoples representative.
o man is not impartial to the
shortcomings of friends
o human frailty could lead to the abuse
of power
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Jean Jacques Rousseau
o a social community (true state) that
possesses the general will is therightful substitute of anarchy in a state
of nature
o whoever refuses to obey will becompelled to do so by the whole body
o a direct democracy is the only free
government
o the government is a mere agency with
delegated powers and can be
withdrawn or abolished anytime
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Force Theoryo the state came into existence out of
conquest, force or coercion
o the strong conquerors consolidated or
merged their territories
o Only force rules. Force is the firstlaw.
o Might makes right doctrine
o a government needs power to enforcethe law so as to have security and
stability
o
agreed to by Machiavelli and Hobbes
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Force Theoryoonce the person who holds power loses
it, he can be overthrown by the people
through a revolution
o it paves the way for superiority in the
international communityo "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute
power corrupts absolutely. Great men
are almost always bad men."
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Natural Theoryo the state is a natural institution that
unified its citizens
o man needs the state for a man living
without the state is either a god or a
beast.o the state is a living organism that
grows
o it is but natural for man in a state tojoin the activities because through it he
grows and gets his needs
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Patriarchal Theoryo the state is a product of evolution
which evolved from the smallest unit of
society the family
o prototype of this theory is the barangay
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Instinctive Theoryo the state was created because it is the
natural inclination of man to be
politically associated with others
o association is for self-preservation and
securityo the state is good because it does not
only develop man as a rational being
and enhance his political involvementbut also maximizes the peoples
participation in politics
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Economic Theoryo the state is a product of mans
economic wants
o an isolated man cannot produce
everything he needs, therefore he needs
another to provide those needso achieved through the exchange of
goods and services
o societies are formed because of theneeds of man that can only be satisfied
through cooperation
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A state cannot exist without a government
but a government can exist without a
state.
A state possesses permanence while
government may change without affecting
the state.
A state is the ideal entity of political unity
while the government is the instrument of
this entity.
State, Government and Nation
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A state is a juristic or political concept
while a nation is a racial or ethnical
concept.
A nation can exist without a state but if astate exist there is at least one nation
A state may be made up of more than one
nation. A state must have a government and
territory but a nation does not need those
to exist.
State, Government and Nation
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