Theories Models and Frameworks

THEORIES, MODELS, AND FRAMEWORKS

GROUP 7

DEFINITIONS Informatics – science that combines:

domain science computer science information science cognitive science

– multidisciplinary science drawing from various theories and knowledge applications

DEFINITIONS Healthcare informatics – integration of:

healthcare sciences computer science information science cognitive scienceto assist in the management of

healthcare information – subdiscipline

of informatics

HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS

DENTAL INFORMATICSMEDICAL

INFORMATICS

PHARMACY INFORMATICS

NURSING INFORMATICS

DEFINITIONS Nursing Informatics – use of

information technologies in relation to any nursing functions and actions of nurses (Hannah, 1985)

DEFINITIONS Nursing Informatics – combination of:

computer science information science nursing sciencedesigned to assist in the management and processing of nursing data, information and knowledge to support the practice of nursing and delivery of nursing care (Graves and Corcoran, 1989)

DEFINITIONS Nursing Informatics – specialty that

integrates: nursing science computer science information sciencein identifying, collecting, processing, and

managing data and information to support nursing practice, administration, education, research and the expansion of nursing knowledge (ANA, 1994)

NURSING INFORMATICS AS A SPECIALTY

In early 1992, the ANA (American Nursing Association) established nursing informatics with a distinct specialty in nursing w/ a distinct body of knowledge.

The scope of nursing informatics practice includes activities such as developing and evaluating applications, tools, processes and strategies that assist RNs in managing data to support decision-making.

NURSING INFORMATICS AS A SPECIALTY

The core phenomena of nursing are: the nurse the patient health environmentNI is interested in these core phenomena, aside from data, knowledge, information, information structures and technologies.

MODELS FOR NURSING INFORMATICS Graves and Corcoran – placed data,

information, and knowledge in sequential boxes

Patricia Schwirian – provided a framework for identifying significant information needs, which in turn can foster research

Turley – the core components of informatics (cognitive science, information science and computer science) are depicted as intersecting circles

DATA INFORMATION KNOWLEDGE

MANAGEMENTGRAVES & CORCORAN’S MODEL

GOAL

USERS

TECHNOLOGY

RAW MATERIALS

SCHWIRIAN’S MODEL

INFORMATION

SCIENCE

COGNITIVESCIENCE COMPUTER

SCIENCE

NURSING SCIENCE

TURNER’SMODEL

DATA, INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE

COM

PLEX

ITY

HUMAN INTELLECT

DATA

INFORMATION

KNOWLEDGE

DATA, INFORMATION, AND KNOWLEDGE Data – discrete entities that are

described objectively w/out interpretation

– include some value assigned to a variable

Information – reflects interpretation, organization or structuring of data

– result of processing of data (which occurs when raw facts are transformed through the application of context to give meaning)

DATA, INFORMATION, AND KNOWLEDGE Knowledge – emerges from the

transformation of information – information synthesized so that relationships are identified and formalized

The processing of information doesn’t always result in the development of knowledge. Further, knowledge is necessary to the processing of data and information. Knowledge itself may be processed to generate decisions and new knowledge.

ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDThis is any information related to the

past, present, and future physical/mental health, or condition of an individual. It resides in electronic systems used to capture, transmit, receive, store, retrieve, link, and manipulate multimedia data for the primary purpose of providing healthcare and health-related services. (ASTM)

ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORD– encompasses the entire scope of health information in all media forms– primary source for information about a client; the place where client information is recorded or documented

TERMINOLOGY DEFINITION ANA RECOGNITION

NANDA-I

Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)

Clinical Care Classification (CCC)

Omaha System

Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)

conceptual system that guides classifications of nursing diagnoses

contains 514 nursing interventions

research-based nomenclature designed to standardize terminologies for documenting care in all settings

includes assessment, intervention and outcome components

has 330 research-based outcomes to provide standardization of expected outcomes

1992

1992

1992

1992

1997

TERMINOLOGY DEFINITION ANA RECOGNITION

Nursing Management Minimum Data Set (NMMDS)

Patient Care Data Set (PCDS)

Perioperative Nursing Data Set (PNDS)

SNOMED CT

includes terms to describe the context and environment of nursing practice

includes codes for patient problems, therapeutic goals and patient care orders

provides a universal language for perioperative nursing practice and education and a framework to standardize documentation

a core clinical terminology containing over 357,000 healthcare concepts w/ unique meanings and formal logic-based definitions

1998

1998

1999

1999, 2003

TERMINOLOGY DEFINITION ANA RECOGNITION

Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)

International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)

ABC Codes

Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC)

contains 16 data elements divided into patient, service, and nursing care elements

combinatorial terminology for nursing practice including nursing diagnosis, actions and outcomes

provide a mechanism for coding integrative health interventions

database for standardized laboratory terms

1999

2000

2000

2002