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Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Leros can be everywhere
• Leros: a beautiful Greek island of the Dodecanese Complex, in the Southern Aegean Sea.
• 171 nautical miles from Piraeus
• Area: 53 square miles
• Inhabitants: 8.207
Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Brief historical reviewColony for Psychopaths was founded in
1957 in Leros for multiple reasons:• It served local labour interests and
political favouritisms• It provided massive overnight
decongestion of long stay institutions (e.g. Athens)
• It secured the “non-acknowledgement” of the inner social beliefs, regarding mental illness
Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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• The reception from the locals was enthusiastic!!
• The island had only one psychiatrist and practically undertrained staff
• Thus, conditions moved from “sanctuary/asylum” to “living hell/asylum”
• In 1964, the current government changed the name of the Colony to “Leros Psychiatric Hospital”, having at that time 2683 beds!
Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Minor Rehabilitation Efforts-Political Developments
• Assembly of the “Leros Team” (1981)• Greece joins EC (1981)• National Health System Law 1397/83 becomes
active (1983)• Regulation 815/84 becomes (controversially)
active (1984). Regulation objectives were to deal with human right abuses on Leros and support the creation of regional mental health services
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In 1989 the “Observer” and Channel 4 exposed the situation
on Leros to the world
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Dimensions of the Leros Problem
• Political and bureaucratic Acute embarrassment at exposure of the
conditions on Leros to the worldLabyrinthine and highly politicized
bureaucracy Initial resentment of inspection and
attempts to cover up
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• EconomicOne third of the population of Leros
worked in the hospitalProbably highest per capita income of
any island in Greece, due to that reasonCreation of alternative economy in order
to resolve the high hospital labour dependency
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• PsychiatricReally old hospital establishments
(Italian navy barracks of World War II)
Not sufficient medical supervision and inadequate staff training
Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Multinational Interventions• Special Rehabilitation Programme (Leros I and
II)• Several national intervention teams from Oct
1990 to May 1991 (Ireland, Germany, UK, Italy and the Netherlands)
• Objectives:KnowledgeCooperationStaminaKnow-how inspiration
Theofanis Kleopas - Psychiatrist - S.S.P. & M.H.
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Local Interventions• Thessaloniki team (e.g. K. Bairaktaris, V.
Lazaridis, G. Kaprinis et al.)
• Aris Liakos et al.
• Athens team (e.g. N. Ploumbidis, C. Panetas, S. Stylianidis et al.)
• Panagiotis Sakellaropoulos et al.
• Dozens of mental health professionals (volunteers)
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Giannis Loukas
Theodoros Megalooikonomou
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Epilogue
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“It takes a whole village to grow up a child” (traditional African saying)
“He who finds a friend finds a treasure”“Attend towards the place you wanna go,
or you will go towards the place you are attending to” (traditional Greek saying)
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Thank you for your attention
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