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The Visual System
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the eye
Anatomy of the eye
Intraocular Fluid
Intraocular Fluid
Glaucoma
Retina
▪ Pigmented layer
▪ Photoreceptors
▪ Bipolar cells
▪ Ganglion cells
▪ Horizontal cell
▪ Amacrine cell
Retina
▪ Pigmented layer
▪ Photoreceptors
▪ Bipolar cells
▪ Ganglion cells
▪ Horizontal cell
▪ Amacrine cell
Photoreceptors
▪ Cones
▪ Rods
Photoreceptors
▪ Cones
▪ Rods
Photoreceptors
▪ Cones
▪ Rods
Light Detection
Photoreceptors
▪ Cones
▪ Rods
Night blindness
▪ Macular Degeneration
▪ age-related macular degeneration
▪ juvenile macular degeneration
“Stargardt disease”
Normal vision
Vision with
Macular
Degeneration
Retinitis pigmentosa
Ganglionic Cells Subtypes
Melanopsin
ganglionic cells
XY
XY
▪ Position
▪ Receptive field
▪ Details
▪ movement
W
VISUAL PATHWAY
Primary visual cortex
1) The retinohypothalamic pathway
• day/night cycle and circadian
rhythm
2) The Pretectum
• pupillary light reflex
Pupillary Light
Reflex
Olivary pretectal nucleus
Edinger-Westphal
nucleus
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
3) Superior colliculus
To superior
colliculus
Visual Pathways
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