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HIST 202 - HESEN. The U.S. and World War I, 1914-1918. Long-Term Causes of World War I. Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism Remember MAIN!. Alliance Systems. Triple Alliance/Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Italy…until 1915. Triple Entente/Allied Powers - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE U.S. AND WORLD WAR I, 1914-1918
HIST 202 - HESEN
Long-Term Causes of World War I Militarism Alliances Imperialism Nationalism
Remember MAIN!
Alliance Systems Triple
Alliance/Central Powers Germany Austria-Hungary Ottoman Empire Italy…until 1915
Triple Entente/Allied Powers Great Britain France Russia Italy…in 1915 U.S….in 1917
Balkan Powder Keg Problems in Serbia
Austria-Hungary governs
One of the smallest European countries
Black Hand Gavrilo Princip June 28, 1914 –
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
American Neutrality U.S. traded with all
Allied countries 1915 – British
blockade Germany Effects:
U.S. can’t trade with Germany
German enters famine Germany blames
Great Britain and U.S.
Submarine Warfare Response from
Germany – “Eliminate the blockade”
Targeted merchant and military vessels
Lusitania – May 7, 1915 128 Americans died
Sussex – March 1916 Sussex Pledge – sink
with warnings only
Economic Links with Allies
Tied chiefly to Great Britain and France
U.S. makes war supplies – sends to Allied Powers
Blame blockade for not trading with Germany
1914-1917 – trade with Great Britain and France quadrupled
Public Opinion Americans favored
Britain and France Germany – “bully
of Europe” Reinforced with
Lusitania
Loans to businesses – JP MORGAN
Ethnic Influences Second generation
immigrants in U.S. Make-up 30% of
population Sympathizers
Germans – “homeland” Irish – hates British Russians – great
protectors
Opposition to the War Mostly from the
Midwest and West Scared that U.S.
would get involved Progressives Populists Socialists Pacifists
Going to War Major U.S. causes:
Unrestricted submarine warfare
Zimmerman Telegram
Russian Revolution
Declaration of War – April 2, 1917
Fighting “Over There” Conditions
Trench warfare Trench foot Chemical warfare Shell shock
Affected Allied and Central Powers ***
U.S. Mobilization Committee on
Public Information George Creel
Food Administration Herbert Hoover
National War Labor Board
War Industries Board
Public Opinion and Civil Liberties
Espionage and Sedition Acts (1917) Prohibited disloyal
speech Applied to all Allied
Powers Imprisonment – 2,000 Schenck v. U.S. - 1919
Armed Forces Selective Service
Act June 1917 2.8 million men put
into lottery Made up half of the
fighting force African-Americans
400,000 served in segregated units
W.E.B. DuBois
Effects on American Society
MORE JOBS!! Men leave --- factory
jobs taken by women
Men leave cities – migrants move North from South
World War I Ends War ends
November 11, 1918
Hailed as a major Allied victory 116,000 U.S. troops
killed 5 million Russians
dead
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