The Trematod Faune a o Rodentf ansd Insectivora (Mammalia...

Parasit. Hung. 4. 12S-I36. 1971

The Trematode Fauna of Rodents and Insectivora (Mammalia) in Hungary I.

Dr. István MATSKÁSI

Zoological Department of the Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest

The i n v e s t i g a t i o n s of our home f l u k e fauna i n small mammals (Rodentia, I n s e c t i v o r a , Carnivora) was lawnded by EDELÉTTYI and SZABÓ i n 1963, and f o l l o w e d by EDELÉNYI (1965, 1966) and SEY (1965) . The r e s u l t s of our own c o l l e c t i n g s were published i n thr e e papers (MATKÁSI, 1967, 1969, 1970),

The present paper submits the d e s c r i p t i o n of two Trematode spe­c i e s - new f o r our home fauna - and discusses some species a l ­ready known from Hungary, i n t e r e s t i n g from the f a u n i s t i c and systematic p o i n t s of view.

Echinostomatidae Poche, 1926 Echnistoma revolutum ( P r o e l i c h , 1802) Host: hamster, C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s ( l exemplar) ( P i g . l ) L o c a l i s a t i o n : i n t e s t i n e L o c a l i t y : Tiszavasvári Measurements i n mm: Length of body: 11; g r e a t e s t w i d t h : 1 . 9 7 ;

Oral sucker: 0.489 x O.466; v e n t r a l sucker: O.869 x 0 .922; pharynx: 0.466x0.297; t e s t e s : 0.987x0.632 and 0.839x0.790; ovary: 0 .339 x 0.632; c i r r u s - s a c : 0.514x0.276; eggs;0.086x xO .055.

A r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e f l u k e w i t h an elongate and narrow body. Head c o l l a r ( P i g . 2) w i t h 37 c o l l a r spines. V e n t r a l side of head c o l l a r w i t h 5 c o l l a r spines each i n double row, c o n s t i t u t i n g two groups b i l a t e r a l l y . Upper row w i t h t h r e e , lower one w i t h 2

spines; 27 spines c o n s t i t u t i n g an u n i n t e r r u p t e d crown. Tegument spinose. Spines s i t u a t e d on a n t e r i o r p a r t of body densely, on p o s t e r i o r surface s c a r c e l y arranged n o t reaching end of body.

Behind back t e s t i s tegument smooth. Subterminal o r a l sucker f o l l o w e d by praepharynx, muscular pharynx, and oesophagus. Cae­c a l branches reaching p o s t e r i o r end o f body. Testes l o b e d , f o l ­l o w i n g one another, i n median l i n e of body. Cirrus-sac behind the acetabulum, but w i t h i t s main p a r t between v e n t r a l sucker and caecal b i f u r c a t i o n , c o n t a i n i n g seminal v e s i c l e , p r o s t a t i c glands and smooth c i r r u s . G e n i t a l pore before v e n t r a l sucker,

P i g . 1 : Echinoatoma re v o l u t u m P i g . 2: E. revolutum, head c o l l a r

(1-2 o r i g . )

between i n t e s t i n a l b i f u r c a t i o n , i n median l i n e of body. Ovary t r a n s v e r s a l , elongated, s l i g h t l y l o bed. Uterus occupying space between f r o n t a l t e s t i s and v e n t r a l sucker. V l t e l l a r i a l o c a t e d l a t e r a l l y , composed of many f o l l i c l e s , commencing p r o s t e r i o r l y of acetabulum and t e r m i n a t i n g at end of body. V i t e l l a r y ducts meeting between ovary and f r o n t a l t e s t i s . F o l l i c l e s from l e f t and r i g h t sides j o i n i n g behind p o s t e r i o r t e s t i s .

F i g . 3: Isthmiophora m e l i s ; F i g . 4: I . melis (head c o l l a r )

( o r i g . )

Echinostoma revolutum i s a cosmopolitan species, a p a r a s i t e of

r e p t i l e s , b i r d s and mammals. I n Hungary i t has been found by

EDELÉNYI i n the appendix and small i n t e s t i n e of ducks (Anas

p l a t y r h y n c h a ) , and SEY i n the i n t e s t i n e of the muskrat(Ondatra

z i b e t h i c a ) . The hamster ( C r i c e t u s c r i c e t u s ) i s a new host f o r

the p a r a s i t e .

Isthmlophora m e l i s (Schrank, 1788) ( P i g . 3)

Host: Rattus norvegicus - 2 exemplars

L o c a l i s a t i o n : small i n t e s t i n e

L o c a l i t y : Agárd, Pákozd

I n t e n s i t y ; 2 - 1 4 examples

The morphology of the head c o l l a r can be seen on Pig. 4

The measurements of the c o l l e c t e d exemplars correspond w i t h

those described by EDELÉFYI and SZABÓ (1963) from the o t t e r

(Butra l u t r a ) and the ermine (Mustela erminea). KOTLÁN (1961)

l i s t s t h i s f l u k e under the name - Euparyphium suinum. Ciurea,

1921 from the p i g ( i n the Transdanubia). SEY (1965) l i s t s from

the Mêles mêles.

L e c i t h o d e n d r i i d a e Odhner, 1911

Cephalotrema e l a s t i c u m (Bregenzer, 1916) ( P i g . 5, 6)

Host: Clethrionomys g l a r e o l u s - 1 exemplar

L o c a l i s a t i o n : small i n t e s t i n e

L o c a l i t y : Bal atone s i c só* (Bakony mts. )

I n t e n s i t y : 4 exemplars

Measurements: Length of body: 0.812-1.152; w i d t h : 0.494-0.496;

o r a l sucker:0.102-0.118x0.102-0.118; pharynx: 0.057-0.060x

xO. 044-0.054; v e n t r a l sucker: 0.137x0.118-0.137; t e s t e s :

0.096-0.099x0.073-0.102 and 0.076-0.102x0.064-0.089; ova­

r y : 0.083-0.121x0.054x0.083;cirrus-sac: 0.384-0.416x0.096;

eggs: 0 .025x0.016.

A s m a l l - s i z e d trematode w i t h an oval body. Tegument covered

w i t h spines. Oral sucker f o l l o w e d by muscular pharynx. I n one

examined specimen a v e r y s h o r t praepharynx present.Caecal bran-

ches extending t o f r o n t surface of t e s t e s . Oval t e s t e s s i t u a t e d s y m m e t r i c a l l y and p a r a a c e t a b u l a r l y . Ovary l y i n g l a t e r a l l y , pa-r a c a e c a l l y , i n f r o n t of r i g h t t e s t i s . Cirrus-sac elongated, s t r o n g l y developed, supported on d o r s a l surface of acetabulum, decurrent l a t e r a l l y a n t e r i o r a d , c o n t a i n i n g seminal v e s i c l e , p a r s p r o s t a t i c a and c i r r u s . G e n i t a l pore opening p a r a c a e c a l l y and l a t e r a l l y at l e v e l of pharynx. Uterus f i l l i n g p o s t e r i o r h a l f of body, decurrent a n t e r i o r a d alongside c i r r u s - s a c , t e r m i n a t i n g i n

Pig. 5-6: Cephalotrema e l a s t i c u m ( o r i g . )

g e n i t a l pore. F o l l i c l e s of v i t e l l a r i a c o n s t i t u t i n g two l a t e r a l groups. E x c r e t o r y v e s i c l e V-shaped.

The specimens deposited i n our c o l l e c t i o n agree i n c h a r a c t e r i s ­t i c s and measurements i n general w i t h those described by BAER (1943), PROKOPIC (1957)"and BRENDOW (1970). I c a l l a t t e n t i o n t o only one conspicuous d i f f e r e n c e , namely to the i n t e s t i n a l bran­ches not extending behind the t e s t e s i n our exemplars. The u t e ­rus of our exemplars h a r d l y c o n t a i n s r i p e eggs, probably they were not w h e l l y a d u l t specimens. These c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s agree w i t h those, described by Combes and Jourdane (1969). The auth­ors mentioned above found t h i s species i n the water-shrew (Neo-mys), w h i l e i n Hungary i t occurred i n the bank vole ( C l e t h r i o -nomys) belonging t o the order Rodent l a .

Pl'agiorchiidae Ward, 1917 P l a g i o r c h i s elegáns (Rud., 1802) ( P i g . 7, 8) Hosts: Apodemus f l a v i c o l l i s (17 exemplars), Clethrionomys g l a -

r e o l u s (2 exemplars), Micromys minutus ( l exemplar), Sorex araneus ( l exemplar), Ondatra z i b e t h i c a ( 1 exemplar)

L o c a l i s a t i o n : small i n t e s t i n e ; rectum (by i n Sorex araneus) L o c a l i t y : Sopron (Sopron h i l l s ) , B a l f (Ondatra z i b e t h i c a ) Measurements: Length of body: 1.06-2.00; w i d t h : 0 .37-0 .95 ; o r a l

sucker: 0.160-0.288 x 0.176-0 .192; v e n t r a l sucker: 0.115-0.192x0.102-0.192; pharynx: 0.070-0.192x0.080-0.153; t e s ­t e s : 0.153-0.320x0.121-0.256 and 0.147-0.384x0.096-0.224; ovary: 0.102-0.240x0.086-0.208; eggs: 0.017-0.038x0.019--0.035.

Body l a n c e o l a t e or l o n g i t u d i n a l l y o v a l . Tegument from area of o r a l sucker t o l e v e l o f t e s t e s covered w i t h spines. Oral sucker subterminal. Very s h o r t praepharynx f o l l o w e d by l a r g e pharynx. Oesophagus absent. Caeca approaching f r o n t end of body. V e n t r a l sucker smaller then o r a l one. Two t e s t e s l o c a t e d d i a g o n a l l y f o l l o w i n g on another, e l l i p t i c a l or r a t h e r round. The lobed form o f the t e s t e s according t o STICZINSKA-JUREWICZ occur a r t i ­f i c i a l l y under the e f f e c t of f i x a t i o n . Cirrus-sac t h i n , elonga­ted b eginning at l e v e l of ovary and extending behind d o r s a l

side of v e n t r a l sucker, between ovary and caeca, c o n t a i n i n g b i ­p a r t i t e seminal v e s i c l e , p r o s t a t i c glands, and long c i r r u s . Ge­n i t a l pore between i n t e s t i n a l b i f u r c a t i o n , a n t e r i o r l y t o v e n t ­r a l sucker. E l l i p t i c a l ovary l o c a t e d l a t e r a l l y before t e s t e s . Uterus decurrent p o s t e r i o r a d between t e s t e s , reaching p o s t e r i o r end of body (a generic f e a t u r e ) , a n t e r i o r l y extending on d o r s a l side of v e n t r a l sucker towards g e n i t a l pore. V i t e l l a r y glands composed of both sides of body, beginning from caecal b i f u r c a ­t i o n , a n d approaching end of body. ( I n our specimens the f o l l i c -

Pig. 7-8: P l a g i o r c h i s elegáns ( o r i g . )

l e s of the two l a t e r a l groups completely j o i n before the v e n t ­r a l sucker. The v i t e l l a r y ducts meet between the ovary and the f r o n t t e s t i s . )

T his species was recorded by SEY (1965) from muskrats (Ondat­r a ) i n Hungary. On the b a s i s of r e c e n t i n v e s t i g a t i o n s t h e cor­r e c t name of P l a g i o r c h i s muris Tanabe, 1941, recorded by SEY, i s P l a g i o r c h i s elegáns (Rud., 1802). Sorex araneus, Micromys minutus and Clethrionomys g l a r e o l u s are hosts new f o r the para­s i t e .

Pi g . 9-10: Neoglyphe megastomus ( o r i g . )

Omphalometridae Odening, I960 Neoglyphe megastomus (Baer, 1943) ( F i g . 9-12) Host: Neomys anomalus (3 exemplar) L o c a l i s a t i o n : small i n t e s t i n e L o c a l i t y : németbánya (Mts. Bakony), Sopron (Sopron h i l l s ) Measurements: Length of body: 0.672-0.80; w i d t h : 0.208-0.210;

o r a l sucker : 0.128-0.147x0.128; pharynx: 0.038-0.057x0.038--0.054; v e n t r a l sucker: 0.067-0.096x0.060-0.096; t e s t e s : 0.108-0.118x0.092-0.093 and 0.096-0.115x0.089-0.115; ova­r y : 0.076-0.083x0.051-0.067; eggs : 0.028-0.032x0.029-0.025.

P i g . 11-12: Heoglyphe megastomus ( o r i g . )

A small trematode w i t h an elongate body, t a p e r i n g toward e x t r e ­m i t i e s . Tegument smooth. Subterminal o r a l sucker smaller then v e n t r a l one. Praepharynx present ( a f t e r f i x a t i o n i t c o n t r a c t s and disappears, thus seemingly being absent i n p a r t of the p r e ­p a r a t i o n s ) . Pharynx w e l l developed. Oesophagus s h o r t , caecal branches approaching end of body. Two round t e s t e s l o c a t e d s l i g h t l y d i a g o n a l l y to each o t h e r , one c l o s l y behind the oth e r . Cirrus-sac p r o j e c t i n g beyond caudal surface of acetabulum,curv­in g round v e n t r a l sucker, or r a r e l l y extending a n t e r i o r a d be­hind i t s do r s a l surface. G e n i t a l pore between i n t e s t i n a l b i f u r ­c a t i o n p r e a c e t a b u l a r l y . Cirrus-sac c o n t a i n i n g b i p a r t i a l v e s i c l e seminal, p r o s t a t i c glands and c i r r u s . Ovary at l e v e l of caudal surface of acetabulum. Uterus not extending between t e s t e s , i t s loops p r o j e c t i n g between t e s t e s o n l y i n much c o n t r a c t e d , f i x e d specimens. Uterus l e a d i n g a n t e r i o r a d on l e f t side of acetabu­lum. Number of r e l a t i v e l y l a r g e eggs few. V i t e l l a r i a c o n s i s t i n g of small f o l l i c l e s , s i t u a t e d from o r a l sucker t o p o s t e r i o r end of body, l e f t and r i g h t sides j o i n i n g before v e n t r a l sucker, and a l s o behind t e s t e s . Two v i t e l l a r y ducts meeting between o-vary and a n t e r i o r t e s t i s . This species was found by BAER (1943) i n S w i t z e r l a n d , and by PROKOPIC (1957) i n the High Tatra.

MATSKÁSI, I . : Magyarországi rágcsálók (Rodentia) és rovarevők (Insectivora) mételyfaunája I.

Hazai kisemlősök a Trematodes osztályba tartozó 5 élősködőjét tárgyalja a dolgoz a t . Hazánk faunájára nézve u j f a j a Cephalo- trema e l a s t i c u m (Bregenzer, 1916) és a Neoglyphe megastomus (Baer, 1943). Az előbbit a Clethrionomys glaerolusból, az utób­b i t a Neomys anomalusból gyűjtötte a szerző.A Cephalotrema e- l a s t i c u m lelőhelye a Bakony-hegység (Balatoncsicsó), mig a Neo- glyphe megastomus a Bakony-hegységen (Németbánya) kivül a Sop­roni-hegységben (Sopron) i s előfordul. A hazánkban már ismert Trematoda-faj ok közül az Echinostoma revolutum ( P r o e l i c h , 1802) a C r i c e t u s cricetusból, az Isthmiophora melis (Schrank, 1788) a Rattus norvegicusból került elő, a P l a g i o r c h i s elegáns (Rud.,

1802) az Apodemus f l a v i c o l l i s b a n , a Clethrionomys g l a r e o l u s b a n , a Micromys minutusban és Sorex araneusban i s előfordul.

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