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The “Three Little Wars”
• The Spanish American War of 1898
• The Boer War of 1899-1902
• The Russo-Japanese War of 1904-1905
• Tsushima Straights• Counter Insurgency
Warfare
“The Splendid Little War”
• US fought to liberate those under Spanish yoke of tyranny
• A war fought to liberate not conquer
• All the advantages with the US– Navy
– Industry
– Geography
Impacts
• Spain ceded Puerto Rico, Cuba, Guam and the Philippines
• US now a world power and an imperialist whether we like it or not
• Platt Amendment (1901) gives US Gitmo and the right to intervene in Cuban affairs
Dealing With Insurgency
• Winning a war the easy part, fighting an insurgency a lot harder
• Guerrilla tactics, modern weapons
• Emilio Aguinaldo vs. the USA (1899-1903)– 5,000 US deaths– Maybe 600,000
Filipino deaths
Boer War, 1899-1902
• UK needed three years and 500,000 men to beat 50,000 Boers
• 30,000 British casualties
• Impact of new weapons
• Concentration Camp
• End of UK’s Splendid Isolation
South African Boers using German made guns
Russo-Japanese War, 1904-1905
• Fleet Action at Tsushima
• Growth of Japanese Power
• Land phase
• Battle of Mukden
• “To cook rice for the infantry” – British observer Gen. Hamilton when asked about the role of cavalry in future wars
Impacts
• Growth of military power worldwide
• Role of Empires• Emergence of USA,
Japan as world powers• Industry and its power
in warfare• Russian Revolution
Big Picture Lessons
• Two Styles of War: Great Power War and Guerrilla War
• Changing World Powers
• American Responsibilities Worldwide
Causes of World War I:Alliance System
• Triple Entente:– Russia
– Britain
– France
• Triple Alliance– Germany
– Austria-Hungary
– Italy
Causes of World War I:Industrialization
• Machine Guns• Battleships• Railroads
Causes of World War I:Nationalism
• Why did the assassination of an obscure archduke in Sarajevo lead to a world war?
• What kind of war were the Europeans expecting to fight?
Gavrilo Princip
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