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The Texas Weighted Caseload Study. Developing Evidence-Based Caseload Guidelines for Effective Court-Appointed Representation. Indigent Defense in Texas. 48 th in per-capita spending Counties pay over 80% of cost Attorneys are not adequately compensated for defense quality. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
The Texas Weighted Caseload Study
Developing Evidence-BasedCaseload Guidelines for Effective Court-Appointed Representation
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Indigent Defense in Texas
• 48th in per-capita spending
• Counties pay over 80% of cost
• Attorneys are not adequately compensated for defense quality
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Indigent Defense in Texas
• How widespread is the problem?
o Harris County, 2012: Top 10% averaged 632 appointments
32 attorneys received more than 400 cases
One attorney took 952 cases
45% of felony cases were represented by attorneys with caseloads >150 clients
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Indigent Defense in Texas
A lawyer with an “S” on his
chest for Superman couldn’t
represent these people.
- Professor Norman
Lefstein
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
House Bill 1318
Not later than January 1, 2012, the Texas Indigent Defense Commission shall conduct and
publish a study for the purpose of determining guidelines for establishing a maximum
allowable caseload for a criminal defense attorney that… allows the attorney to give each
indigent defendant the time and effort necessary to ensure effective representation.
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Public Policy Research InstituteTexas A&M University
• Established by the Legislature in 1984
• Land grant philosophy -- Portal for
policymakers to access university expertise
• Original data collection; Survey research;
Large database analysis; Qualitative methods
• 30-40 projects/year; 15 state agency partners
• Criminal justice, Education, Public health,
Social services, Substance abuse
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
o Impacts of the FDA on Texas Counties
o Public Defender Feasibility Study
o Mental Health Public Defender
o Direct Electronic Filing in Criminal Cases
o Regional Public Defender for Capital Cases
o Texas Weighted Caseload Study
Public PolicyResearch Institute
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
TIDC Websites
• Public Indigent Defense Data
• County Reporting Website
• Innocence Project Reporting
Website
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Essential Partners
• Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association
• State Bar of Texas
• National Authorities
• Experienced Public Defenders
• Texas Defense Attorneys
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
http://texaswcl.tamu.edu
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
Largest Counties in eachAdministrative Judicial Region
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
Largest Counties in eachAdministrative Judicial Region
Strategy:Local TCDLA/ Criminal Defense Bar Associations
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
All Trial-Level Public Defender Offices
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
Strategy:Direct Appeal to Chiefs
All Trial-Level Public Defender Offices
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
39 Counties with Population > 100,000
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
39 Counties with Population > 100,000
Strategy:Telephone Recruitment
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
o Why telephone
recruitment?
Balanced attorney enrollment
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
Potential Sampling Frame
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
o Why telephone recruitment? Diverse counties
Do indigent defense policies impact attorney time and case quality?
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
o Why telephone
recruitment? Assertive outreach and marketing
Increased sample size
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
More participating attorneys Larger sample of cases
More informative results re: effects of…
o Attorney Characteristics o (e.g., experience or special qualifications)
o Client Characteristics o (e.g., juvenile, criminal history, mental health
concerns)
o Case Factors o (e.g., client in custody, probation concerns,
specialty court)
o Defense Tactics o (e.g., use of experts, use of investigators)
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Recruit Attorneys
+ Preliminary Approval for CLEs!
Great Incentives…
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
• Webinar training
• Custom defenderData software by Justice Works
• Attorneys keep time for 12 weeks
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Collect Attorney Time Data
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Hypothetical Attorney Time Data
Data Collected From Attorneys
Avg. Mins./
Case Type over 12 Weeks
Apptd. F1 6,194 Apptd. F2-3 4,646 Apptd. SJF 3,097 Apptd. Misd. 2,065 Other Cases 5,936 Non-Atty. Time
3,871
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Hypothetical Attorney Time Data
Data Collected From Attorneys
Avg. Mins./
Case Type over 12 Weeks
Avg. # Open
Cases in 12 Weeks
Apptd. F1 6,194 14.83 Apptd. F2-3 4,646 11.41 Apptd. SJF 3,097 9.17 Apptd. Misd. 2,065 44.81 Other Cases 5,936 20.16 Non-Atty. Time
3,871
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Hypothetical Attorney Time Data
Data Collected From AttorneysCase Weight Computation
Avg. Mins./
Case Type over 12 Weeks
Avg. # Open
Cases in 12 Weeks
Avg. Mins./ Case Type
in 12 Weeks(avg. mins./
# cases)
Apptd. F1 6,194 14.83 417.79 Apptd. F2-3 4,646 11.41 407.04 Apptd. SJF 3,097 9.17 337.92 Apptd. Misd.
2,065 44.81 46.08
Other Cases 5,936 20.16 294.40 Non-Atty. Time
3,871
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Hypothetical Attorney Time Data
Data Collected From AttorneysCase Weight Computation
Avg. Mins./
Case Type over 12 Weeks
Avg. # Open
Cases in 12 Weeks
Avg. Mins./ Case Type
in 12 Weeks(avg. mins./
# cases)
% FTE/Case
Apptd. F1 6,194 14.83 417.79 1.62%Apptd. F2-3 4,646 11.41 407.04 1.58%Apptd. SJF 3,097 9.17 337.92 1.31%Apptd. Misd.
2,065 44.81 46.08 0.18%
Other Cases 5,936 20.16 294.40 1.14%Non-Atty. Time
3,871
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Hypothetical Attorney Time Data
Data Collected From AttorneysCase Weight Computation
Avg. Time Spent
onClient Comm.
Avg. Time Spent
onCase Prep.
Avg. Time Spent
onCourt Time
Avg. Time Spent
onAdmi
n/ Other
Avg. Mins./
Case Type over 12 Weeks
Avg. # Open
Cases in 12 Weeks
Avg. Mins./ Case Type
in 12 Weeks(avg. mins./
# cases)
% FTE/Case
Apptd. F1 1,858 2,478 1,239 619 6,194 14.83 417.79 1.62%Apptd. F2-3 1,394 1,858 929 465 4,646 11.41 407.04 1.58%Apptd. SJF 929 1,239 619 310 3,097 9.17 337.92 1.31%Apptd. Misd.
619 826 413 2062,065 44.81 46.08 0.18%
Other Cases 1,781 2,374 1,187 594 5,936 20.16 294.40 1.14%Non-Atty. Time
3,871
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Hypothetical Attorney Time Data
Case Weights Expressed asPERCENT FTEs
# Cases Open for a
Specific Attorney
Case Weight as FTE
% FTE Spent on Cases(# cases x “% FTE” case
weight)
Apptd. F1 38 1.62% 61.51%Apptd. F2 25 1.58% 39.43%Other Cases 15 1.14% 17.11%
WEIGHTED CASELOAD:
118.05%
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
“Sufficiency of Time” Survey
• Do attorneys feel they have sufficient time for essential activities and functions?
• Where is practice acceptable?
• Where is more time needed?
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Delphi Process
• Problems that cannot be precisely measured
• Collective expert judgments
• Questionnaires + Opinion Feedback
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Tasks and Timeline
2013 2014
9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Task 1: Advisory Panel Planning
Task 2: Attorney Time Data Collection
Recruit Attorneys
Collect Attorney Time Data
Analyze Attorney Time Data
Task 3: Sufficiency of Time Survey
Task 4: Adjust Case Weights thru Delphi Process
Task 5: Prepare Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Final Report
Public Policy Research Institute Phone: (979) 845-8800 http://ppri.tamu.edu
Public PolicyResearch Institute
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