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Luky Adrianto, PhDFisheries Social-Ecological System Lab
Department of Aquatic Resources Management
Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)
The Social-Ecological System of
Sharks and Rays Fisheries
2nd Indonesia Sharks and Rays Fisheries Symposium
Jakarta, March 29, 2018
The Outline
1. The Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
2. Sustainability of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – Social Ecological System
(SES) Approach
3. Sharks and Rays Fisheries – SES Mapping of Ocean Wealth
4. Policy Actions
The Social-Ecological System Approach
ecological system
socio-economics
system
• Stock
• Flow
• Control
• Attributes
• Stock
• Flow
• Control
• AttributesInteractions
• Flow
• Control
• Attributes
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Brautigam, et.al (2015)
Meat and fins
Mobuild gill plates
Liver oil
Driving Factors for Human Utilization
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Export Value IDR 1.4 Trillion (2017)
Country Market – China (IDR 626 billion)
Country Market - Thailand (IDR 356 billion)
Indonesia – At A Glance
bbc.com (20 March 2018)
http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Shark (USD/kg) – March 2018
Shark Volume – March 2018
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)
Raw Shark (USD/kg) – March 2018
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)
Raw Shark Volume – March 2018
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)
Rays (USD/kg) – March 2018
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)
Rays Volume – March 2018
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
http://fishsite.com ( 20 March 2018)
Brautigam, et.al (2015)
All of Indonesia territories are the priorities
Responsible Trade
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Brautigam, et.al (2015)
All of Indonesia territories are the priorities
Saving Species
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Brautigam, et.al (2015)
All of Indonesia territories are the priorities
Responsible Consumption
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Filho (2017)
The Economics of Sharks – Meats and Fins
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Acuity Mag (2016), Elperin (2011), Cisneros, et.al (2013)
The Economics of Sharks – Tourism
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Traditional knowledge of Sharks Finning - Bajo
Stacey, 2007
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Shark Finning in Indonesia
Rays Fisheries in Indonesia
Economics of Sharks and Rays Fisheries – At A Glance
Sharks and Rays Fisheries – Sustainability Challenges
Cultural values
Exploitation values
time
Monetary
Unit
Biodiversity
Ecosystem
Species
Human Welfare
1
2
3
4
5
6
Link 1-6 : benefits for human from
ecosystem supporting
functions
Link 1-4-5 : benefits of biodiversity
for human in the context
of habitat protection and
conservation
Link 2-5 : benefits of biodiversity
in the context as input for
ecosystem goods and
services
Link 3 : benefits of diversity in terms
of bio-ethics framework of
thinking
Algorithm of ValuationVan den Berg (2010)
Sharks and Rays Fisheries – SES Mapping
Coastal
and
Marine
Social-
Ecological
System
Sharks and
Rays
Fisheries
Structure
Functions
Dynamics
Sharks and Rays
Value
Mapping
Sustainability Policy FeedbackEnvironmental
and resources
Management
and Policy
Social-Ecological
System Approach
Sharks and Rays Fisheries – SES Mapping
Sharks and Rays Fisheries – Mapping of Ocean Wealth
MOW PES
Fisheries
Tourism
Setting the PES
Quantifying value of the PES
Mapping of the PES
Marine Tourism Planning
Marine Spatial
Planning
VMs
PES, Pelagic Ecosystem Services
MOW, Mapping of Ocean Wealth
VMs, Valuation Mappings
Marine Biodiversity – Sharks and
Rays
Mapping of Ocean Wealth – Manta Rays
Mapping of Ocean Wealth – Manta Rays
Mapping of Ocean Wealth – Manta Rays
NBmb = TBmb - TCmb
Net Benefits of MBTotal Benefit of MB Total Cost of MB
NB
TB
TC
time
Monetary
value
GMES Value – Net Benefit of Marine Biodiversity
Y = X- Z
Total cost for
maintaining MB/MES
Net Efficient
Total Cost of MB/MES
Cost Gaps
GMES Value – Cost of Maintaining Biodiversity
National
Target
Total Bluefin (IDR) Component (IDR) Budget (Rp) Gap (IDR)
Direct Cost Indirect cost
TN 6 327.546.047.000 69.398.275.000 258.147.772.000. 223.363.377.000 104.182.670.000.
TN 10 596.828.231.667 436.938.133.667 159.890.098.000 102.840.930.000 493.987.301.667
TN 11 3.513.286.837.195 2.245.636.678.696 1.267.650.158.500 417.239.326.000 3.096.047.511.195
TN 12 304.328.511.111 173.768.391.111 130.560.120.000 9.495.280.000 294.833.231.111
TN 14 1.100.019.411.407 - - 298.426.881.000 801.592.530.407
TN 15 135.666.847.323.327 81.498.648.643.996 54.168.198.679.331 339.905.260.000 135.326.942.063.327
Total 140,117,585,307,707
Adrianto, et.al (2017) Rp 140 Trillion (7.7% of National Budget)
GMES Value – Cost of Maintaining Biodiversity
Ecosystem Based Management
Integrative and system approach
Maintain the healthy, productive and resilient ecosystem
Maintain and restore the connectivity between ecological system and social system
Incorporate ecological, economic and social values
Participatory approach
Adaptive to uncertainty
Policy Actions
Fisheries
ManagementSustainable
Fisheries
Coastal
and Marine
Ecosystem
Sector A
Sector B
Sector C
Sector D
Inte
gra
ted
Coasta
l
Managem
ent Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management
System Integration
Functional Integration
Coastal and Ocean States
ICM = integrated coastal management;
Pengelolaan pesisir terpadu
Po
licy I
nte
gra
tio
n
Policy Actions
Thank You
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