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The role of waste management and energy from waste in a circular economy-
SITA UK’s proposed Severnside development
Sept 2009Stuart Hayward-Higham
SITA UK I 2 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
SITA UK
19/04/23 I
- SITA UK is a recycling and resource management company
- We serve over 12 million customers, and- Over 30,000 businesses.
- Handle nearly 11 million tonnes of material
- Of which in excess of 3 million tonnes are recycled- Over 1 million tonnes is used for energy production
- We produce in excess of 1 million MWhrs of electricity
- Produce around 3% of all the green electricity in the UK
- Employ over 6000 employees across the country
SITA UK I 3 Copyright SITA UK Ltd19/04/23 I
SITA UK’s vision
We want to live in a society where there
is no more waste
In the future there will be no more waste as materials will be viewed as products or raw
materials
SITA UK I 4 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Large / small
Large / small
Large / small
What is waste management ?
19/04/23 I
CU
STO
MER
COLLECTION
WA
STE
C&I
C&D
Mono
MSW
Mono
MonoHW
C&I
RECYCLING TREATMENT
WASTE STREAM MANAGEMENT
TRADING IN PRODUCTS AND ENERGY
QUALITYSELECTIVITY
Creatingvalue
Secondary Resources
Market
Secondary Resources
Market
CLIE
NTS
Industrial Commercial
HW
Med
C & D, Soil
ReducingCosts
RESOURCE MANAGEMENTSWITCHBOARD
Local Authorities
TRADING
SEPARATION
SITA UK I 8 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Why change the existing solutions ?
19/04/23 I
- Capacity- Existing landfill capacity is reducing and replacements are
insufficient.
- Cost- Landfill tax, transport costs ( as existing landfill solutions become
more scarce ), carbon etc all raise the cost of existing solutions and drive waste into the minimisation, recycling and recovery solutions
- Sustainability- There are better ways of treating most waste than by landfill,
however the replacement capacity is needed in a time period and scale to ensure that those who need waste management services are viably service options.
SITA UK I 9 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Prevention, minimisation & re-use
19/04/23 I
- Prevention
- best of all and completely customer driven and controlled
- Minimisation
- Through education, buying patterns and efficient use. Very customer driven but advice available.
- Re-Use
- Encouraged through bring back or re sale – again customer driven but advice and end markets are available.
SITA UK I 10 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Role of recycling
19/04/23 I
Recycling one tonne of …
Saves ……. And compared with manufacture from raw materials, avoids emissions of…
Newsprint The felling of 12 trees 1.3 – 1.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Office paper The felling of 24 trees 1.3 – 1.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Aluminium 5 tonnes of bauxite 5 – 12 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Steel 1.5 tonnes of iron ore 1.0 – 1.3 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Copper 10 t of copper ore 13 – 20 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Glass 1.2 t of raw materials 0.6 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Plastics 2,000 kg of oil 1.7 – 4.7 tonnes of CO2 equivalents
Biowaste as compost
200 kilogrammes of peat
SITA UK I 11 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Recycling
19/04/23 I
- Collection
- Separate at source is best, separate later is possible.
- Sorting
- From simple magnets and consolidation though to complex sorting, separation and refinement
- End market
- Sent to reprocessors to be made into new cans, bottles etc
SITA UK I 12 Copyright SITA UK LtdSept 09
0%
80%
20%
60%
Paper
Glass
Aluminium
Plastics and Iron
Ene
rgy
save
d w
hen
prod
ucts
ar
e m
ade
from
rec
ycle
d m
ater
ials
40%
100%
Recycling’s contribution to sustainability
SITA UK I 13 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
But……
19/04/23 I
- Not all waste can be avoided or recycled which leaves us with extracting energy or landfill.
- Our preference is to extract the energy.
- To produce electricity, gas or heat and use it in the most efficient manner.
- Location of plants is essential to marry with the markets or waste arising and potential energy and heat users.
- We recover some of the energy from the organic landfill wastes but not as efficiently nor as completely than by energy from waste.
SITA UK I 14 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Energy from Waste ?
19/04/23 I
- Why make energy ?
- With the potential national supply issues over the next 20 years and instability in international markets, the recovery of energy from waste has the opportunity to make a significant contribution to national need.
- Recovering energy from waste is a sustainable solution for the treatment of the residual fraction of the waste left over after recycling/composting/pre-treatment.
From Oakdene Hollins report 2005
SITA UK I 15 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Energy from Waste methods
19/04/23 I
- Combustion to create steam and then electricity.
- Gasification/pyrolysis (Gasification is proposed by the Cyclamax development) which converts the waste to a gas and then combusts the gas to make electricity.
- Anaerobic digestion – biological conversion of the organic fraction of waste to a methane gas and then combustion to make electricity or the gas (after clean up) for vehicle fuel .
SITA UK I 19 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Severnside Proposal
19/04/23 I
- 400ktpa facility - From a market in excess of 1.1M tonnes per annum (tpa)
- Energy- Sufficient for around 50,000 homes- 32 MW of electrical output
- Location- Good location for treating local waste- Delivery possible through road and rail- Near potential users of the heat from the plant
- Community- 200 jobs through the construction phase- 50 jobs in the plant
SITA UK I 21 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
Location efficiency & Local embedment
19/04/23 I
- Transport – good road and rail access
- Local waste – helping divert some local waste from landfill to more productive use
- Local energy – using local fuel ( i.e. local waste) to make energy locally
- Local benefit – managing local waste with local facilities and employment
SITA UK I 22 Copyright SITA UK Ltd
What role does EFW have in a circular economy ?
19/04/23 I
An essential one because
not all waste can be re-used or recycled
It’s an essential way of recovering the remaining embedded benefits of residual waste
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