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The Role of the MMO
Nick Greenwood – Marine Pollution Response Manager
Whoweare
The MMO are an executive non-departmental public body (NDPB).
We are a cross-government delivery body
We were established under the Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009.
Tochampionsustainabledevelopmentinthemarineenvironment....• Fisheries licensing• Wildlife licensing• Marine Deposits Licensing (inc offshore renewables)• Marine Planning• Marine Conservation Zones• Marine knowledge & data “Hub”• Marine Emergencies
MMOMarinePollu-onResponse:HQVsCoast
HQ Roles
•Give/withhold approval to use OSTP during incident out to 1nm seaward of 20m depth contour
•Administer OSTP approval scheme
•Consultee for marine pollution contingency plans
•FEPA licences for response activities
•Marine Pollution Incident Information Portal
Coastal Roles
•Member of Standing Environment Group
•Provide environmental advice in case of request to use OSTP
•Communicate with fishers in case of pollution incident
Oil Spill Treatment Products
Dispersants (Type I, II & III)
Sorbents
Bioremediation
Surface cleaners
Misc....
Approval to use OSTP
...MMO give/Withhold approval for use of OSTP Within One hour of the initial request....
...this requires rapid & reliable communication networks!
POLREP/PON1/Phonecall
NE/CCW/JNCC
NE/CCW/JNCC
MMOCoast
CefasCefas
MMOSLT&Press
SOSREP
FSA
DefraMarine
LA,EA,Port,others...
WAG*
MMOHQ
Within 1nm seaward of the 20m depth contour....
Approval to use dispersants
• Sensitive environmental features on:– Sea surface– Shoreline– Seabed
• Depth• Tide & currents• Oil type & weathering• Mixing energy
Dispersants... toxic?
“noexampleshavebeenfoundoflong‐termimpactsresul8ngfromtheuseofsecondorthirdgenera8ondispersants“–(Moore2006)
“Theuseofchemicaldispersantso;enarousesopposi8on,becauseitisthoughttobe"toxic."Therealproblemiscausedbythereleaseofthecrude'stoxicity,asthedropletsofdispersedoilexposeagreatersurfaceareatothesea.”–(Perry1995)
TheUKapprovalschemedoesnotapproveoilspilltreatmentproductsthat,whenmixedwithoil,showsignificantlyincreasedtoxicityincomparisontotheoilalone.
OilSpillTreatmentProductApprovalScheme
• MMO maintain the UK approved list of OSTP• Several kinds of products: Dispersants, Sorbents, Bioremediation,
etc...• All products must pass two toxicity tests – “Rocky shore” & “Sea”
tests• Dispersants must also pass efficacy testing• Bioremediation products must pass additional toxicity testing
Only products manufactured whilst their approval is valid can be considered for use in UK waters
Dispersant Efficacy Testing
Rotating flask test WSL LR 448
Test oils characteristics: 1. Dynamic viscosity @ 10°C: 1800-2200 mPa s 2. Dynamic viscosity @ 10°C: 450 to 550 mPa s
Oil + dispersant in seawater.2 min rotation, 1 min settle.50ml of oily water run out through bottom tap.Remaining volume of oil indicates success of dispersion
Rocky Shore Test
Dispersant vs Oil
Test organism: Patella vulgata, the Common Limpet
Test oil: Kuwait Crude
Oil/OSTP sprayed onto test plate on which limpets are mounted.
Test is passed if dispersant doesn’t cause significantly more mortality (measured by loss of adhesion) than oil.
Sea Test
Dispersant vs oil + dispersant
Test organism: Crangon crangon, the Brown Shrimp
Test oil: Kuwait Crude
Oil/oil & OSTP added to tankcontianing shrimp with, mixing energy added.
Test is passed if dispersant + oil doesn’t cause significantly more mortality than oil alone.
Bioremediation testsEfficacy:
1. Flask test and2. Microcosm test
Toxicity (agitation test):
1. Crangon crangon Brown Shrimp and2. Agonus cataphractus Armoured Bullhead
Corexit9500&9572(&ChemkleenOSDAJSA)
•Since 1996 all products must pass BOTH toxicity tests
•Corexit 9500 & 9572 & Chemkleen OSDA JSA were removed from the approved list in 1998.
•Stocks predating the 1998 removal may still be used under certain conditions
2011 Approval Scheme Review
• Regular “fit for purpose” review
• Given switch to MMO, and globally significant incident, is UK scheme still relevant?
• Issues: Dispersants to treat heavy fuel oils, phototoxicity, status of old stocks, fee structure, European harmonisation, etc..
UK PLC Response to Marine Pollution
Marine Pollution Incident
Any Questions?
nicholas.greenwood@marinemanagement.org
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