The symogih.org project : an ontology for collaboratively...

Francesco Beretta, 3/8/2016 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

The 36th joined meeting of the CIDOC CRM SIG and ISO/TC46/SC4/WG9 and

the 29th FRBR - CIDOC CRM Harmonization meeting

Heraklion, Crete, 3 August 2016

Francesco Beretta(CNRS UMR5190 LARHRA – Université de Lyon)

The symogih.org project :

an ontology for collaboratively producing,

sharing and curating historical data

2 Francesco Beretta, 3/8/2016 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

1. The symogih.org project's general research agenda

2. Producing structured historical data: the symogih.orgontology

3. The symogih.org ontology : CIDOC – CRM compatible ?

Project existing since 2008.

About 50 scholars and students, and 15 research project, are currentlyusing the collaborative database to store and share historical information

SyMoGIH : modular system for historical information management

A collaborative and cumulative information system for storing historical data:produce, share, visualise and analyse stuctured historical data

Galileo Galilei taught mathematics at the University of Padua from 1592 and 1610

Actr : Galilei, Galileo

Source : Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 51

CoAc: Université de PadoueAbOb: Mathématiques

SELECT DISTINCT as1.cle_objet_associe 'idActeur', as1.libelle_calcule_objet_associe 'nom', as2.cle_objet_associe 'idLieu', as2.libelle_calcule_objet_associe as 'lieu', as2.longitude as 'longi', as2.latitude as 'lat'FROM web_talker_symogih.vue_association as1, web_talker_symogih.vue_association as2,vues_bhp.acteurs_scholasticon acsc, web_talker_symogih.vue_association as3, web_talker_symogih.vue_information infWHERE /* jointure*/as1.cle_objet_associe = acsc.CFAc AND as2.cle_etran_Info = as1.cle_etran_InfoAND as3.cle_objet_associe = as1.cle_objet_associe AND inf.cle_Info = as3.cle_etran_Info/*selection*/AND as1.cle_etran_TyRo = 'TyRo40' AND as2.cle_objet_associe LIKE 'NaPl%'AND as3.cle_etran_TyRo = 'TyRo12' AND inf.cle_etran_TyIn = 'TyIn97'

SQL queries toextract datacorresponding tothe researchagenda of eachproject participant

9 Francesco Beretta, 3/8/2016 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0Jé

Project specific websites

http://patronsdefrance.fr/

Project specific websites

http://siprojuris.symogih.org

General symogih.org project websites

http://symogih.org

http://geo-larhra.ish-lyon.cnrs.fr/

SPARQL – endpoint B3Kat

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, BibliotheksverbundBayern, Kooperative Bibliotheksverbund Berlin-Brandenburg

http://lod.b3kat.de/sparql

Use the web of data for historical research

http://symogih.org/resource/Actr195

"1606-09-11"

symogih:destination

symogih:datation

symogih:sourçage

symogih:nommer

Paul V

Cardinal

Gian Garsia Mellini

Nomination

DBI, vol. 73 (2009), ...

symogih:etre_nomme

symogih:Info93265

symogih:Actr288

symogih:SoCh370 symogih:Bibl1968

symogih:Actr255

symogih.org ontology

SPARQL-endpoint:

http://symogih.org/?q=rdf-publication

Francesco Beretta, 3/8/2016 CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 19

Instance 3

Instance 2

Noticesd'autorité

Interface d'alimentation

Ontologie symogih.orgTypes d'informations

et de contenus

Patronsde France

Siprojuris

geo-larhra.org

Nouveau site 1

symogih.org

Entrepôt dedonnées historiques nettoyées

et de textes encodés (TEI)

(curated historical data warehouse)Données des institutions

patrimoniales(SUDOC, BNF, AN, HADOC, GND, …)

–Autres données

(issues ou non de la recherche)

Noticesd'autorité

Base d'hébergement

de projets (BHP)

VIAFVIAF

IdREFIdREF BNFBNF

ISNIISNI

Stockage collaboratifde textes XML-TEI

(eXist-db)

Noticesd'autorité

Nouveau site 1

Data curation platform

2. Producing structured historical data:

the symogih.org ontology

The symogih.org generic data model :from index cards to a digital information system

Knowledge units : atomizedstatements expressingrelationships between objects

Letter by cardinal Bellarmine to Paolo Antonio Foscarini,

Roma, 12 April 1615

Paolo AntonioFoscarini

Cardinal Bellarmine

Roma, 12 April 1615

Cardinal Bellarmine

Letter

location

sender

receiver

Roma, 12 April 1615

Cardinal Bellarmine

Letter

location

sender

receiver

object

knowledge unit

Roma, 12 April 1615, OG XV, 333-555

Cardinal Bellarmine

Letter

location

sender

receiver

object

knowledge unit

1615-04-12

OG XV, 333-555

sources

dating

sourcing

The symogih.org ontology

Dating and sourcing

The issue of historical knowledge reliability :sourcing and historical criticism

The instances of the generic data modelare defined collaboratively

http://symogih.org

The definition of each instance ot the data model is publicly available

« Galileo Galilei taught mathematics at the University of Padua from 1592 and 1610 » [Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 51]

Actr : Galilei, Galileo

Source : Dizionario biografico degli italiani, vol. 51

CoAc: Université de PadoueAbOb: Mathématiques

A knowledge unit in form of structured data :

Encoding historical data in XMLusing the symogih.org ontology :

In <date when="1592" ana="AbOb1321">1592</date>,<rs ref="Actr161">he</rs> [Galileo Galilei] moved to the <nameref="CoAc54">University of Padua</name> where he taught geometry,mechanics, and astronomy until <date when="1610" ana="AbOb256">1610</date>.

In <date when="1592" ana="AbOb1321">1592</date>, <rs ref="Actr161" ana="TyRo12">he</rs> [Galileo Galilei] moved to the <name ref="CoAc54" ana="TyRo21">University of Padua</name> where he taught <name ref="AbOb279" ana="TyRo131">geometry</name>,<name ana="TyRo131">mechanics</name>, and <name ref="AbOb239" ana="TyRo131">astronomy</name> until <date when="1610" ana="AbOb256">1610</date>.

A knowledge unit in form of structured data :

Encoding historical data in XMLusing the symogih.org ontology :

In <date when="1592" ana="AbOb1321">1592</date>,<rs ref="Actr161">he</rs> [Galileo Galilei] moved to the <nameref="CoAc54">University of Padua</name> where he taught geometry,mechanics, and astronomy until <date when="1610" ana="AbOb256">1610</date>.

In <date when="1592" ana="AbOb1321">1592</date>, <rs ref="Actr161" ana="TyRo12">he</rs> [Galileo Galilei] moved to the <name ref="CoAc54" ana="TyRo21">University of Padua</name> where he taught <name ref="AbOb279" ana="TyRo131">geometry</name>,<name ana="TyRo131">mechanics</name>, and <name ref="AbOb239" ana="TyRo131">astronomy</name> until <date when="1610" ana="AbOb256">1610</date>.

3. The symogih.org ontology : CIDOC – CRM compatible ?

The symogih.org ontology

DOLCE (Descriptive Ontology for Linguistic and Cognitive Engineering)

« has a clear cognitive bias, in the sense that it aims at capturing the ontological categories underlying

natural language and human common-sense »

Endurants (continuants) are wholly present(i.e., all their proper parts are present) at anytime they are present.Perdurants (occurrents) : entities that happenin time[DOLCE]

CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM)

http://cidoc-crm.org/

symogih:KnowledgeUnit / dolce:Perdurant

symogih:Object / dolce:Endurant

E77 Persistent item

E2 Temporal entity

E55 Type

The symogih.org ontology as a controlled vocabulary forexpressing the instances of the knowledge units’ and roles’ types ...

...but there are some issues we have to solve.

Francesco Beretta, March 10, 2015 – 41

« Any encoding of CRM instances in a formal language that preserves the relationswithin a consistent subset of CRM classes, properties and inheritance rules is regardeda “reduced CRM-compatible form”, if:● all the conditions applicable to a CRM compatible form are respected;● the subset does not violate the rules of subsumption and inheritance;● any instance of the reduced CRM-compatible form is also a valid instance of a (full)

CRM compatible form● the subset contains at least the following concepts: » (CIDOC-CRM 6.2.1)

The issue of the ontologies’ domain

« The CIDOC-CRM provides definitions and formalstructure for describing […] concepts and relationships

used in cultural heritage documentation »

« The symogih.org ontology provides an instantiatedgeneric data model for expressing historical knowledge »

Intersection : historical knowledge

Can the symogih:KnowledgeUnit, understood as an assertion by the historian,

be considered as an equivalent classto dolce:Perdurant and cidoc-crm:E2_temporal_entity ?

symogih:KnowledgeUnit / dolce:Perdurant

symogih:Object / dolce:Endurant

Factoïd ontology

KCL’s Department of Digital Humanities (DDH : Prosopographies of the ByzantineWorld (PBE and PBW), Anglo-Saxon England (PASE), Medieval Scotland (PoMS),Anglo-Scottish cross-border society (‘Breaking of Britain’: BoB)

Michele Pasin and John Bradley, Factoid-based prosopography and computer ontologies:Towards an integrated approach, Literary and Linguistic Computing Advance Access publishedJune 29, 2013

Michele Pasin and John Bradley, Factoid-based prosopography and computer ontologies:Towards an integrated approach, Literary and Linguistic Computing Advance Access published

June 29, 2013

E77 Persistent item

E2 Temporal entity

E55 TypeThe issue of dating and sourcing

E13 Attribute assignement

E77 Persistent item

E2 Temporal entity

E55 TypeThe issue of dating and sourcing

E13 Attribute assignement

E 52 Time span

E77 Persistent item

E2 Temporal entity

E55 Type

P12 occurred in the presence of (was present at)

The issue of reification

E77 Persistent item

E2 Temporal entity

E55 Type

E77 Persistent item

E2 Temporal entity

E55 Type

P150 defines typical parts of

« The primary role of the CRM is toenable information exchange and

integration between heterogeneoussources of cultural heritage information. »

The symogih.org vocabulary forhistorical knowledge modelling

Conclusion :

a CIDOC – CRM extension for historical knowledge modellingstarting from the symogih.org project’s experience ?

The symogih.org project : an ontology for collaboratively...

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