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The Power of the SunThe Power of the SunOne of four lectures pertaining to Global Warming
Illinois Institute of Technology IPRO 331: Global Warming Research and
Community Outreach
ObjectivesObjectives
To give a brief overview of Global Warming
To inform of the possibilities from the sun in Architecture, and the science behind it.
To compare and contrast between solar power and other eco-friendly technologies
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Global WarmingGlobal Warming
DefinitionRelevance
Controversy
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Definition: Definition: The increase in the average temperature of the The increase in the average temperature of the earth’s surface and oceansearth’s surface and oceans
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Relevance? Relevance? introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Controversy?Controversy?
Are we the cause?
Is this actually happening?
What are the proven effects?
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
“The energy in sunlight striking the earth for 40 minutes is equivalent to global energy consumption for
one year”
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Scientific American Magazine
Solar EnergySolar Energyvsvs
Solar PowerSolar Power
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Wikipedia
So how can we take Advantage of this???
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Case StudyCase Study
Sun Valley, Idaho
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Woodriver Journal
Photovoltaic Solar PanelsPhotovoltaic Solar Panels
Case StudyCase StudyIncorporated Systems Include:Incorporated Systems Include:
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Woodriver Journal
Case StudyCase StudyIncorporated Systems Include:Incorporated Systems Include:
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Solar hot-water heating system
Woodriver Journal
Case StudyCase StudyIncorporated Systems Include:Incorporated Systems Include:
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Trombe wall system
Woodriver Journal
Winter
SummerPassive Solar Heating, Cooling, and Lighting
Case StudyCase StudyIncorporated Systems Include:Incorporated Systems Include:
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Woodriver Journal
Case StudyCase Study
Sun Valley, Idaho
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Woodriver Journal
The Average Single-Family HomeThe Average Single-Family Home
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Where does our energy go?Where does our energy go?
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Energy Information Administration
ElectricityElectricity
10,656 KwH/Year
$959/Year
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Energy Information Administration
Natural GasNatural Gas
115,000,000 Btu’s/Year
$1,492/Year
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Energy Information Administration
$2,451/Year
12.2 Metric Tons of Carbon
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Energy Information Administration
Solar Energy Solar Energy The Earth receives 174 petawatts
of incoming solar radiation, also known as insolation, at any given time
When the radiation meets the atmosphere, 6% is reflected and 16% is absorbed
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Solar Energy Solar Energy Availability/ConsumptionAvailability/Consumption
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
Year'sTime
SolarWindGlobal Consumption
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Solar Energy Solar Energy Availability/Consumption, cont’dAvailability/Consumption, cont’d
Clouds reduce insolation traveling through the atmosphere by 20%
In one year, the total solar energy available is 3850 zettajoules while the worldwide energy consumption is .471 zettajoules
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Solar PanelsSolar Panels
In North America, the total insolation over an entire year including nights and periods of cold weather is 125 and 375 watts per meter square.
A single solar panel in North America, delivers 19-56 watts per meter square a day
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGY
How is it captured?
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
PHOTOVOLTAICSPHOTOVOLTAICSPhoto = lightVoltaic = electricity
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
PHOTOVOLTAICSPHOTOVOLTAICS2 layers of semiconductor
material made of silicon crystalsOn it’s own, silicon not a good
conductor“doping” sets stage for electric
currentDoping = intentional addition of
impurities
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
SOLAR ENERGYSOLAR ENERGYHow is solar energy stored?
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
SOLAR HEATSOLAR HEATSolar energy is stored as heatHeat is easier to store than
electricityMultiple methods are used to
store solar heat
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
SOLAR COLLECTORSSOLAR COLLECTORS
3 types of solar collectors
Flat-Plate CollectorsFocusing CollectorsPassive Collectors
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
FLAT PLATE COLLECTORSFLAT PLATE COLLECTORS
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
FOCUSING COLLECTORSFOCUSING COLLECTORS
Use mirrors to focus solar energy on pipes filled with water
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
FOCUSING COLLECTORSFOCUSING COLLECTORS
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
PASSIVE COLLECTORSPASSIVE COLLECTORSHeat is stored using dense
interior materials that retain heat well
Examples: masonry, adobe, concrete, stone, water
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
PASSIVE COLLECTORSPASSIVE COLLECTORS
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
STORAGE OF SOLAR HEATSTORAGE OF SOLAR HEAT
Heat may be stored in one of two ways:
Liquid (such as water)Packed bed
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
LIQUID HEAT STORAGELIQUID HEAT STORAGEFrequently used in residential
homesTank is filled with hot water and
used throughout the dayEasy application, as desired
result (hot water) is in the storage facility
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
LIQUID HEAT STORAGELIQUID HEAT STORAGE
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
PACKED BEDPACKED BEDContainer filled with small objects
that hold heat (such as stones) with air space between them
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
HEAT STORAGEHEAT STORAGEHouses with active or passive
solar heating systems may also have:
FurnacesWood burning stovesOther heat sources incase of cold
or cloudy weather (backup system)
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
IS SOLAR POWER IS SOLAR POWER COST EFFECTIVE?COST EFFECTIVE?
Cost effectiveness of solar power depends on location
◦Proximity to power grid◦Amount of daily/yearly sunlight
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
COST OF SOLAR POWERCOST OF SOLAR POWER
SOLAR MARKETS (Avg over 5 years) SOLAR PRICE/COMPETING ENERGY SOURCE
Remote Industrial 17% 0.1-0.5 times
Remote Habitational
22% 0.2-0.8 times
Grid Connected 59% 2-5 times
Consumer Indoor 2% n/a
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
COST OF SOLAR POWERCOST OF SOLAR POWERSolar module represents 40-50%
of total installed cost of solar system
Percentage varies on nature of the application
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
COST OF SOLAR POWERCOST OF SOLAR POWEROn average, installed PV system
will cost $9.00 per peak watt7.2 KW PV system will cover an
average homes energy needsOn average will cost $64,000 for
house to run purely on solar energy
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
COST OF SOLAR POWERCOST OF SOLAR POWERMost homes with solar energy
are in remote areas, far from power grid
Most homes with solar power are subsidized with other forms of electricity
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
COST OF SOLAR POWERCOST OF SOLAR POWERSolar power can’t compete with
current utilities as a cost effective solution
Researchers confident prices will come down when production is on large scale
PV will become cost effective in rural and urban locations in the future
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
COST OF SOLAR POWERCOST OF SOLAR POWER
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
OTHER FORMS OF OTHER FORMS OF ECO-TECHNOLOGYECO-TECHNOLOGYGEOTHERMAL HEATWIND POWERHYDROELECTRIC POWER
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
GEOTHERMAL HEATGEOTHERMAL HEAT
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
GEOTHERMAL HEATGEOTHERMAL HEATUnderground temp constantly
between 50 and 60 degrees FCools in the summer and heats in
the winterUninterruptable sourceWorks like a reverse refrigerator
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
WIND POWERWIND POWER
ADVANTAGES
Provides clean power Capable of producing large
quantities of electricity
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
WIND POWERWIND POWERDisadvantages
Land usage (average of 17 acres)Cause erosion in desert areasAffect the view (usually located
on or just below ridgelines)Bird deaths
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
HYDROELECTRIC POWERHYDROELECTRIC POWER
Advantages
No emissionsPlentiful sourceConsistent energy output
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
HYDROELECTRIC POWERHYDROELECTRIC POWER
Disadvantages
Initial high costPeople displacedHabitat lossChange in chemical, physical,
biological characteristics of downstream river and land
introduction – global warming – solar power – architecture – science – conclusion
Every Little Bit Helps
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