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Technical term used in Spanish laws referringto the collecting of native inhabitants inpueblos
Pueblo is an offshoot/branch of thereduccion system
It has a plaza that served as the center ofreligion, politics, and commerce area in aspecific place
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A territory under the immediate politicalcontrol of a state
A colony is divided into province, pueblo,barangay
A province is composed of a number ofpueblos
A pueblo is composed of a number of
barangays
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System of Government
Central Government
Local Government
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The power comes from the King of the Spain
The representative of the King of Spain in thePhilippines is the Spanish Governor-General
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Two branches:
There was no legislative branch ofgovernment under the Spanish occupationbecause all laws came fro Spanish throughroyal decrees
ExecutiveControlled by the Spanish
Governor General
JudiciaryControlled by the Royal
Audience, lower court, and
the Spanish GovernorGeneral
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Implement all the directives and orders of theKing of the Spain
Serve as the chief of the Spanish army to thePhilippines
Manage and command the Spanish army toprotect the colony
Appoint and remove government officials
Manage and control any government office Implement and execute justice; had a
pardoning power
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The most powerful political official in thePhilippines during the Spanish occupation
Representative of the King of Spain as thehead of the colonial government
His tenure of power depends on theconfidence of the Spanish Crown
His executive power is absolute; on the other
hand, his judicial and legislative powers arelimited
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First Spanish
Governor-General in thePhilippines
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This refers to the highest court of justice inthe Philippines during the Spanish occupation
This is equivalent to the Supreme Court of thePhilippines
It was established in 1584 ( Manila) Santiago De Vera first president It was mandated to interpret all laws It had the authority to solve cases pertaining
to human rights violation It was tasked to audit all the expenses of the
colonial government
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This involved the land, the crops that can befound in it, and the people living in it
The encomienda system was an old practicein Spain wherein the King, in an effort torecognize the good deeds, services, andloyalty of his officers and men awarded opiece of land
Those who received the encomiendas werecalled encomienderos
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Protect the people from any kind of attacksorganized by armed groups
Take care of the general welfare of the people
Maintain peace and order within hisencomienda
Help the Spanish missionaries spread theteachings of Christianity to the indigenous
people Collect taxes from the people living within
hos encomienda
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Provincial Government
Municipal Government
City Government
Barangay/ Barrio
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These were provinces whose inhabitants hadaccepted the Spanish rule; peaceful
Ruled and governed by alcade mayor
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Performed executive and judicial functionsHe was appointed by the Spanish Governor
GeneralHe was given the privileged engage in trade In 1886, the executive function was also
striped from the alcalde mayor because ofreported abuses of power
With this, the executive function wastransferred to civil governor
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These were provinces whose inhabitants hadresistance/ conflict to Spanish rule
Also known as political-military districts Ruled and governed by Corregidor
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It was a process to check if there were abusesof powers committed by the Spanish
government officials. It also deterredgovernment officials from committing abusesand injuring the rights of others
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It was the public investigation and trial ofoutgoing colonial officials in order toascertain whether they had committed abusesin the performance of their duties ( Agoncillo
and Mangahas) This was usually conducted by the incoming
Spanish Governor-General
It was also mandated that the result of suchpublic investigation be sent to Spain forfurther evaluation and report
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The investigation was conductedclandestinely/secretly by a visitor-generalsent from Spain and might occur anytimewithin the officials term, without any
previous notice
The main purpose of this was the colonial
officials will work efficiently and honestly
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It was introduced officially in 1570. In 1589 the value of the tribute was raised to
accommodate the needs of the church.
This was called the sanctorum
Filipinos between 16 to 60 years of age wereentitled to be taxed in cash or in kind and in fullor in installment basis.
The tribute was payable to the Spanish colonialgovernment
Payment of taxes was tantamount/equal to theimpression that an individual recognized thepower of the King of Spain
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It was abolished by the King of the Spain in1884, it was being replaced by cedula
personal which is equivalent to the presentresidence certificate
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Diezmos prediales- a kind of tax that wascomprised of one-tenth of the produce of theland
For example, if the farmer harvests 30 piecesof squash, the Spanish government has theright to take three pieces of it as dienzmosprediales
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Donativo de Zamboanga- a kind of tax thatwas introduced in 1635 in order to invade
Jolo, Sulu
Vinta- a kind of tax that was paid by thepeople of Luzon; the aimed to finance thedefense efforts of Spanish government
against Muslim pirates, who raided theVisayas and Luzon for slaves that theyneeded in their overseas trading
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One of the most abusive economic policiesthat the Spanish government in thePhilippines had implemented
Due the Spains colonial power over the
Philippines, the Filipinos ( especially thefarmers) became the vassals of the Spain
A vassal refers to a person who has enteredinto a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch
The obligation includes military support andmutual protection, in exchange for certainprivileges, usually including the grant of land
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The bandala system refers to the obligation ofFilipino farmers to sell their products to thegovernment at a minimum price.
However this economic policy was abused by theSpanish authorities because they collected theirproducts even w/o paying the farmers
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The abuses were reported to the King ofSpain and it was abolished in 1782 in order toavoid revolution from the Filipino farmers
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It is a form of forced labor Filipino men who were 16 to 40 years of age
had the obligation to render communityservice in the span of 40 days
The title of Filipino men who underwent polois polistas
One could be exempted from polo by paying
the falla
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HaciendaHaciendaLarge land estates that
were owned by the Spanishfriars
InquilinosGroup of people who took care the
friars haciendas
Inquilinos also hired people whowould do manual job. These
people were calledsharecroppers/kasama
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Generallyspeaking, theSpanish
governmentauthoritiessupervised andmanaged all its
trade operations
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With this, those individuals who occupied keypositions in the Spanish government and thechurch were only allowed to engaged in thistrade
High- ranking officials of the State
Spanish friars
Crew of the galleons
This was an annual trade between Manila andAcapulco Mexico
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The Spanish officials encouraged shipmentsof products from Japan, China, Thailand,India, Cambodia, Mallaca, and Indonesia
Examples of products shipped from thePhilippines to Mexico: silk, precious stones,perfume, cotton-made fabric, ceramics,
coconut, carved woods, abaca, tobacco
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On the return trip the galleon ships would becarrying European products
Examples of products shipped from Mexico tothe Philippines: chocolates, musical instrumentsfrom France, wine, etc
Galleon ships did not only ship products from thePhilippines to Mexico, and vice versa
It also served as a means of transportation forthe following:
Funds from the king of Spain ( to be used asoperation funds of Spanish government in thePhilippines)
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Directives/ orders of the King of the Spain
Spanish passengers such as friars,government officials, and travel/ tourist from
Mexico and Spain
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A ticket entitling an ordinary trader to engagein the galleon trade. This would give a personan access to ship goods to Mexico
A boleta was normally issued to the
Governor-Genera, clergy, members of Real/royal Audiencia and their friends
It can be sold to anyone at a higher price
The money that friars loaned to traders onthe other hand, came from donations to thechurch known as obras pias
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It was established by Governor General Bascoon March 1, 1782.
Under this monopoly, the provinces likeCagayan Valley, Ilocos, Nueva Ecija, and
Marinduque were mandated by thegovernment to plant tobacco in theiragricultural lands
The produced would exclusively sold to thegovernment a lower price
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This was successful in increasing governmentrevenues
Under Governor- General Bascosgovernment,the Philippines became the largest tobacco-
producing country in Asia Many Filipinos benefit from this industry because
it generated jobs in cigarette factories
The reported abuses committed by Spanish
government officials in tobacco monopoly led toits abolition in 1882 by Governor General Primode Rivera
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It was also known as the Sociedad Economicde Amigo del Pais
It was also established by Governor-GeneralBasco on May 6, 1781. This was aimed to
help him find feasible solutions towardseconomic growth and progress
It was composed of experts from differentimportant fields such as in the economy andagriculture
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Factories and manufactures
Education
Natural history Domestic and foreign commerce
Agriculture
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Also known as the Real Compana de Filipinas It was established by Governor- General Basco in
1785 with a total capital amounting to P8,000,000.
The main purpose of the company was toestablish direct trade relations with thePhilippines to Spain and to develop the formersnatural resources
In accordance with the companys charter, the
Philippines was mandated to set aside fourpercent of its profits for agriculturaldevelopment
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Discuss briefly the following
Advantages of Spains economic policies tothe Philippines
Disadvantages of Spains economic policies tothe Philippines
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Revolution
It is a fundamental change in power or
organizational structures that takes place in arelatively short period of time
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Sulayman Revolt was the first recordeduprising of the Filipinos against Spain
During Tondo Revolt Filipinos were suppliedby Dionisio Fernandez and Juan Gayo
Tamblot Revoltoccurred in Bohol City
Bancao Revolthappened in Leyte during1622, aim is to reject Christianity and returnto the old religious faith.
Roberto Sumuroy Revolt is to show theirresentment for the Spains law on laborforced labor in the Philippines
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Dagohoy Revolt was the longest revolt in thePhilippines
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Despite the freedom
Despite the 333 years of Spanish colonizationand political rule, the Spaniards had not reallyconquered the Filipinos
Objection to unfair economic policies
Aside from the political abuses committed bySpanish authorities , Filipinos were
discontented on how the Spaniards managethe economy
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Resistance and Religion
The Spanish friars, just like their counterpartin the government, violated the rights of theFilipinos
Desired to be heard
Some Filipinos could no longer bear the illtreatment they received from their
conquerors
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Nationalism
It refers to a political ideology that involveslove for ones country and people
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The Opening of the Philippines to the WorldTrade
The monopoly trade of Spain ended in 1834,which led to the opening of Manila to world
trade The Philippines was exposed to different
trading ideas such as the need to expand theagricultural and industrial business
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November 17, 1869
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It was opened on November 17, 1869 andwas constructed by Ferdinand de Lesseps
Paul Landowski constructed the canal
The Suez Canal opened the gateway betweenEurope and Asia
Because of this Filipinos were encouraged to
travel from Philippines and Europe
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The Filipino middle class was composed ofthe following: farmers, businessmen, andteachers, among others
These influential individuals usually sent theirchildren to exclusive schools in Manila andEurope
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Jose Rizal doctor, novelist, artist, engineer,and scientist, among others
Marcelo del Pilar- writer, propagandist,
debater Graciano Lopez Jaena- journalist and orator
Pedro Paterno- lawyer
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Introduced many reforms in the Philippineswhich were welcomed by Filipinos and native
clergies
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Filipino priests pertains tothe surnames of the threeFilipino priest namedMariano Gomez, JoseBurgos, and Jacinto Zamora
They were accused ofplanning and organizingCavite Mutiny on January20, 1872 and lead in their
execution in the same year The execution of this three
priest awakened Filipinonationalism
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Propaganda Movement
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Jose Rizal a Filipino patriot who wasforefront of reform efforts in the Philippinesduring Spanish colonial era
Marcelo del Pilar- a leading Filipinopropagandist for reforms in the Philippines
Mariano Ponce- a Filipino physician, writer,
and member of propaganda movement
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Assimilation of the Philippines as a regularprovince of the Spain
Development of the Philippine economy
Promotion of human rights especially thefreedoms of speech and of the press
Secularization of parishes
Reform of the government and education
system
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It was established by reformist/propagandist
in Barcelona, Spain in 1889 The first editor was Graciano Lopez-Jaena
and its released was on February 15, 1889
Jaena was replaced by Marcelo del Pilar until
the papers last issue on November 15, 1895
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BeginningsAccording to Rizal, the fight for freedom
should not be done in a foreign land. Becauseof this, he returned to the Philippines from
Hong Kong in June 1892Jose Rizal launched another reform
movement after his return on July 3, 1892
It was founded in Doreteo Ongjuancoshouseat No. 176 St. Tondo, Manila
Doroteo Ongjunco Chinise Filipino reformist
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Unus Instar Omnium ( One Like All) motto ofthe La Liga Filipina
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To unite the whole archipelago into onecompact, strong, and homogenous/samebody
To have a mutual protection for all in every
want and necessity To establish defense against violence and
injustice
To study and apply the needed reforms inthe Philippines
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To obey the orders of the Supreme Council To help in recruiting new members
To keep in strictest secrecy the decisions ofthe movements authorities
To report to the fiscals anything that hearwhich affects the movements
To behave well as befits a good Filipino
To help fellow members in all ways
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Ladislao Diwa: He was a law student at USTand joined La Liga Filipina and became asecretary of La Liga
Valentin Diaz: former gobernadorcillio ofTayug Pangasinan and also member of LaLiga
Ambrosio Salvador: president of Supreme
Council
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The Establishment of the Katipunan KKK was secret society founded on July 7,
1892 Founders: Andres Bonifacio ( President and
Supremo) Emilio Jacinto ( Secretary of the State) Teodoro Plata ( Secretary of War) Briccio Pantas ( Secretary of Justice)
Enrique Pachero ( Secretary of Finance) Aguedo del Rosario ( Secretary of Interior)
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The Establishment of the Katipunan
KKK was secret society founded on July 7, 1892
Founders: Andres Bonifacio
Ladislao Diwa: He was a law student at UST andjoined La Liga Filipina and became a secretary ofLa Liga
Valentin Diaz: former gobernadorcillio of Tayug
Pangasinan and also member of La Liga Ambrosio Salvador: president of Supreme Council
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Katipon Associate)
First degree members
Members who wore black hood with whitetriangle in the middle
Password: Anak Bayan Kawal Soldier)
Second degree members
Password: GOMBURZA
Bayani ( Hero)
Third degree
Password: Rizal
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Andres Bonifacio
He was born on November 30, 1863 in ArcarragaStreet near the present Manila Railroad Station
He was executed in Cavite
Agapito Bonzon: he capture Aguinaldo Siblings: Ciriano, Procopio, Troadio, Esperidiano,and Maximo He was oldest of six siblings Orphaned at an early age, he took odd jobs to
provide for his siblings. He sold canes and paper fansfor commercial firm He work as a messenger in Flemming and Company
and he learned English
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Love God with all your heart Always bear in mind that the love of God is
also the love of country
Engrave in you heart that the true measure of
honor and happiness is to die for the freedomof your country
Guard the mandates and aims of the KKK asyour guard and honor
Out of responsibility to ourselves, theperformance of our duty
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