The Nouns and Verbs in a Tagalog Text

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nouns and verbs in a Tagalog text

 AUSTRIA | MEDINA | VASQUEZ

UP DILIMAN

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nounsname of persons, things, animals, placevents

 verbsdepict actions; action words

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HIMMELMANN

precategorial

Kaufman

no verbal category

 verbal expressions are derived

from entity-denoting rootsGIL

thinginess illusion

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reid

the well-known monosyllabicforms introducing commonnoun phrases do not belong tothe category of determiners, butnouns

De guzman

Nouns, verbs and adjectives existas distinctive lexical categoriesin Tagalog, despite the overlap inproperties

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mithun

ideas of referents and

ideas of events

Hopper and thompson

 Analysis of discourse roles ofnouns and verbs

Du bois

Ergative grammatical structure is patterned on recuand regularities in discourse

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CLAUSE

P +  (S)

A (O) + (OBL)

P = predicate (verbal, nominal, adjectival)S = subject (intransitive)

A = agent (transitive)

O = object (transitive)

OBL = oblique

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preposing

arguments in pre-predicate position

pragmatic factors and motivations

Rosero, M. W. (2010). Multiple Motivations for Preposing inPhilippine Languages.

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Pragmatically Unmarked / Neutral Clause

intransitive or transitive

effectiveness of the action done by the agent unto

object or patient

predicate initial

intransitive (verbal, nominal, adjectival)

transitive (verbal)

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transitive

 A & O as arguments

deliberate intentionality

external direction of the action

effortful

fully affected and exclusive object

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PMasayang tinanggap A ng bata Oang mga libreng bubble gum.

‘The child gladly accepted the free bubble gums.’ 

PTinignan A nya O ang relo.

‘He looked at the watch.’ 

P Ipinatong  A nya Oang dalawang siko OBL sa ibabaw ng sandalan ng upuan.

‘He placed his elbows on top of the back of the seat.’ 

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intransitive

S as argument

 volitional intentionality

internal direction of the action

effortless

partially affected and non-exclusive object

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 verbal predicate verbs as predicate

PTumayo Ssi Rogelio OBLmula sa upuang yantok.

‘Rogelio stood up from the rattan chair.’ 

PNagtama Sang mga mata nila.

‘Their eyes met.’ 

PNakatitig lang Ssi Bok-bok OBLsa hawak ng kaibigan.

‘Bok-bok is just staring at what his friend is holding.’ 

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nominal predicatenouns as predicate

proper inclusion categorizing

PSaudi Boy Sang asawa ni Aling Baby.

‘ Aling Baby’s husband is a Saudi Boy.’ 

PMasigasig na padre de pamilya Ssi Mang Boy.

‘Mang Boy is hardworking family man.’ 

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nominal predicatenouns as predicate

existential, locative, possessive

May sapat na hangin para hindi maalinsangan sa paligid.

‘There is enough air for the surroundings not to be humid.’ 

Nasa center si Duktor.

‘Duktor is at the center.’ 

Parang may kuryente ako sa katawan.

‘It’s like I have electricity in my body.’ 

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adjectival predicatesadjectives as predicate

PMasyado kasing malaki S yung placement fee.

‘Because the placement fee is too big.’ 

…Ptuluy-tuloy Sang pag-inom mo ng gamot.

‘…your medication is continuous.’ 

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PRAGMATICALLY MARKED CLAUSE

not predicate-initial

pragmatic motivations

will occur as needed in a discourse

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Focus constructions

Complement clauses

Relative clauses

Exclamatory constructions

Imperatives

Questions

Negative constructions

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focus constructionsfronted arguments

contrastive contrast fronted entity from others

Si Anghela ang part-time manicurista ng bayan.

‘ Anghela is the part-time manicurist of the town.’ 

ay focus

Ang bawat pagtigil niya sa salita ay may malalim at mahinang ‚wheonnngk‛ na feedback sa huli.

‘His every pause in his speech is accompanied by a deep and subtle ‚wheonnngk‛ feedback at the end.’ 

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equative

Identicality / similarity

Hasmin rin ang pangalan ng nanay ni Rogelio.

‘Hasmin is also the name of Rogelio’s mother.’ 

Tatay kasi ang kinalakihan nitong tawag sa ama.

‘Tatay is the moniker she grew up calling her father.’ 

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exclamatory clausesexpression of extreme emotion

…kaya isuot mo na ‘to! 

‘…so wear this!’ 

Pikon!

‘Bad sport!’ 

Tulong!

‘Help!’ 

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imperatives

command

 Jonymay, ibili mo pa ng Marie si Flordeliza.

‘ Jonymay, buy Flordeliza more Marie.’ 

request

Pwede bang mahiram kariton nyo?

‘Can I borrow your kariton ?’ 

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questionsextracting information

yes no

answerable by yes or no

 Jonymay, bumili ka na ba?

‘ Jonymay , have you bought?’ 

question word

 Ano na naman ‘tong ginawa ng aso nyo?

‘What is this that your dog is doing again?’ 

uses question words

echo

confirmation / validation

 Yung renta kila Jet, magkano ba?

‘The rent at Jet’s is how much?’ 

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negative clausesnegation

simple unaffirmative

Kuya, hindi naman po Ging-ging ang pangalan ko eh.

‘Kuya, Ging-ging is not my name.’ 

prohibitive

 Wag mong gamitin yung dyaryo ko!

‘Don’t use my newspaper!’ 

negative command

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negative existential

non-existence

 Walang gamut na makapagbabalik ng dati.

‘There’s no medicine that can bring back the past.’ 

negative possessive

 Wala akong Texas.

‘I don’t have Texas.’ 

unownership

negative locative

not in a certain location

 Wala sa akin.

‘(It’s) not with me.’ 

negationnegative clauses

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what are nouns and verbs?

nouns refer

verbs predicate

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The researchers of this paper argue thaare restrictions and pragmatic motivation why nouns which are prototypically refcan predicate and verbs which are prototpredicative can occur in argument positio

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nominal predicatenouns as predicate

proper inclusion categorizing

PSaudi Boy Sang asawa ni Aling Baby.

‘ Aling Baby’s husband is a Saudi Boy.’ 

PMasigasig na padre de pamilya Ssi Mang Boy.

‘Mang Boy is hardworking family man.’ 

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Paisa-isang dumadaan ang mga gumagawa ng payong , naghahasa ng kutsilyo, at nag a

produktong special offer.

 Vs. ‚ang batang gumagawa ng payong‛, ‚ang lalaking naghahasa ng kutsilyo‛, ‚ang babaeng nag-aalok ng mga produktong s

Bumungisngis ang bata nang maintindihan ang pagbibiro ni Rogelio.

Istorbo sa kanila ang mga tricycle na dumadaan.

Umupo ulit si Rogelio.

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Maganda itong damit na binili niya.

Maganda itong damit.

Maganda itong binili niya.

Maganda ito.