The Next Asteroid Sample Return Mission of Japan - Hayabusa-2 · The Next Asteroid Sample Return...

The Next Asteroid Sample Return Mission of Japan - Hayabusa-2

Presented by Sho Sasaki Makoto Yoshikawa (JAXA)

Hayabusa-2 Pre-project Team

March 5, 2011 The importance of Solar System Sample Return Mission

to the Future of Planetary Science

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http://chiron.mtk.nao.ac.jp/LOC/Flyer/

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Makoto Yoshikawa (Hayabusa-2 Preproject leader)

& Two Itokawa Models

I am sorry for not attending this very interesting meeting.

We, Hayabusa-2 pre-project team, just have finished SDR (System Definition Review) and we will have some more programmatic reviews in next week and later in this month.

After these reviews, we will shift to Phase-B, so now is quite important period for us.

Thank you!

Successful Hayabusa

S-type NEO Itokawa 2003

2005

2010

4 Hayabusa sample analyses LPSC Thu. AM

Asteroid samples were found!!

Summary of Current Status •  Hayabusa mission finished in 2010 (except for the curation and

the sample analysis). •  We have a lot of experiences from Hayabusa mission, and now

we are ready to start another sample return mission with more robust and reliable systems.

•  From the point of science, the sample return from C-type asteroid is very interesting to understand the origin and evolution of the solar system and the life.

•  Therefore, we have been planning Hayabusa-2 mission as sample return mission from C-type asteroid.

•  At the end of 2010, the budget for Hayabusa-2 from the next fiscal year (=April 2011) was approved. At present, Hayabusa-2 is pre-project (Phase-A), but it will shift to project (Phase-B) in March 2011 (this month).

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Mission Objectives: Hayabusa-2

1. Science "Where did we come form? " •  The origin and evolution of the solar system •  The original material of life •  The origin of the water of the ocean

2. Engineering Develop original and unique technology for the exploration of the

solar system •  New technology used for Hayabusa more reliable, robust •  New challenge : non-destructive destructive (impactor)

3. Exploration Extend the area that human can reach •  Return trip •  Spaceguard, Resources, Research for manned mission, etc.

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There are several types of asteroid

C-type like objects

S-type like objects

Asteroid classification by spectral type

Distance from the Sun

・stone, rock ・Ordinary chondrite

・Organic or H2O content mineral ・Carbonaceous chondrite

S-type

C-type

・Rich in organic material ・Tagish Lake?

D-type

Hayabusa Hayabusa2 HayabusaMk2

2003 - 2010 2014-

Asteroid Belt

S-type C-type

D-type

Post Hayabusa

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Primitive Body Exploration Program considered in Japan

Itokawa 1999 JU3

Hayabusa Hayabusa2 HayabusaMk2

2003 - 2010 2014(?) -

Asteroid Belt

S-type C-type

D-type

Post Hayabusa

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Primitive Body Exploration Program considered in Japan

Marco Polo

Spacecraft has an impactor.

The impactor collides to the surface of the asteroid.

Further exploration

Launch Observation of the asteroid, release of small rover/lander, sampling

Earth Return

Sample analysis

Outline of Hayabusa2

July 2014

June 2018 : Arrival 1999 JU3

2019

Dec. 2020

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New Experiment

Dec. 2019 : Departure

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Hayabusa-2: Mission CG

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year 2014 2015 2016 　2017 2018 2019 2020

month 　　 07 　 12 　06　 12 　 06 　08 12 　　　 12

Launch (Backup) Earth Swingby Arrival at asteroid

Departure from asteroid

Earth return

Impactor

Spacecraft IES

IES

Science observation, Sampling

Hayabusa2 Mission Scenario

Departure from asteroid

Earth return

Mission of short stay & early return is also under considerration.

Hayabusa-2 Spacecraft

C-type

HGA: Planar Antenna

Reaction Wheels Chemical Thrusters Ion engines Software etc.

Launch window: 2014 – 2015

Changes form Hayabusa

MINERVA2

Target asteroid 1999 JU3 (C-type)

Optical camera Near IR spectorometer IR camera (thermal) Laser altimeter etc.

Impactor Lander : MASCOT

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Nominal Science Payload

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Payload Comments

Multiband Imager (AMICA)

0.4 – 1.0 µm, 5.7 deg x 5.7 deg, 1024 x 1024 pix filter (ul, b, v, w, x, p) (Heritage of Hayabusa)

Near IR Spectorometer (NIRS3)

1.8 – 3.2 µm, 0.1 deg x 0.1 deg (Heritage of Hayabusa, but 3µm is new)

Thirmal IR Imager (TIR)

8 – 12 µm, 12 deg x 16 deg, 320 x 240 pix (Heritage of Akatsuki)

Laser Altimeter (LIDAR)

50 m – 50 km (Heritage of Hayabusa)

Sampler Almost same as Hayabusa-1 (Heritage of Hayabusa)

Impactor Small equipment to create a crator on the surface (New)

Small Rover (MINERVA2)

Almost same as MINERVA of Hayabusa-1 (possible payload: Cameras, thermometers) (Heritage of Hayabusa)

Target asteroid : 1999 JU3 Rotation period: 0.3178day (~7.6 h)

（λ，β)＝(331, 20)　

Axis ratio = 1.3 : 1.1 : 1.0

Size : 0.922 ± 0.048 km

Albedo : 0.063 ± 0.006

H=18.82 ± 0.021, G=0.110 ± 0.007

Type : Cg

Shape model by Kaasalainen

Orbit Itokawa

Mars

Earth

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(by Mueller et. al)

Spectrum of 1999 JU3

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by Faith Vilas (AJ, 135, 1101, 2008)

International collaborations under discussions

Followings are potential collaborations under discussions: DLR : MASCOT = Mobile Asteroid Surface Scout (Small Lander　around 10kg) JPL : mini-M3 = mini Multi Mineral Mapper

(Imaging spectrometer) Europe : MAPIS = Marco Pole Imaging Spectormeter (Imaging spectrometer) NASA : RAD, USO

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MASCOT: German Lander

• Mass and Size: Max: 10kg, 30cm x 30cm x 20cm

• Possible Payloads: 　　WAC (Wide Angle Camera)+Multi color LED 　　MicroOmega (a combined optical microscope and IR spectrometer) 　　Thermal radiation sensors 　　Magnetometer 　　　Accelerometer, etc.

• Contact persons: DLR: Tra-Mi Ho, Tilman Spohn JAXA: Tatsuaki Okada

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Summary

•  The 2nd asteroid sample return mission Hayabusa-2 was approved and will soon get into the Phase-B.

•  The launch window is in 2014 (or 2015, backup). •  We hope we can observe the small C-type NEO,

1999 JU3, in 2018, and get the sample in 2020. •  We would like to establish good international

collaborations.

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Asteroids Comets Meteors 2011

•  Niigata, Japan 17-22 July, 2011 •  Search " ACM 2011" in

WEB. •  Abstract Deadline 19 April, 2011 •  Topics include "Sample return

from small bodies" 20

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Sampling