View
219
Download
3
Category
Tags:
Preview:
Citation preview
The National SA-CERN The National SA-CERN ProgramProgram
The National SA-CERN The National SA-CERN ProgramProgram
Presented by:
ZZ Vilakazi (iThemba LABS)
&
J. Cleymans(UCT)
On behalf of the SA-CERN Collaboration
1
History of SA’s contribution to frontier–level Nuclear & High Energy PhysicsHistory of SA’s contribution to frontier–level Nuclear & High Energy Physics
Some SA Graduates who have made an impact in the Some SA Graduates who have made an impact in the subject: subject:
S. Mandelstam [B. Sc. (wits)]: Variables for S. Mandelstam [B. Sc. (wits)]: Variables for calculating kinematics for particle interactions. [IoP Dirac calculating kinematics for particle interactions. [IoP Dirac medal]medal]
J. Dorfan [B. Sc . (uct)]: Director of Stanford Linear J. Dorfan [B. Sc . (uct)]: Director of Stanford Linear Accelerator (SLAC :1999 – 2007)Accelerator (SLAC :1999 – 2007)
S. Teuklosky [B. Sc (wits)]: Numerical calculations; S. Teuklosky [B. Sc (wits)]: Numerical calculations; CosmologyCosmology
SA’s involvement at CERN thus farSA’s involvement at CERN thus far
ISOLDE Collaboration (K. Bharuth-Ram (UKZN)ISOLDE Collaboration (K. Bharuth-Ram (UKZN)
CERN- ALICE Collaboration (J. Cleymans (UCT) & CERN- ALICE Collaboration (J. Cleymans (UCT) & Z Vilakazi (UCT)) + (Z Buthelezi & S Z Vilakazi (UCT)) + (Z Buthelezi & S Foertsch (iTL)Foertsch (iTL)
Signing of first Co-operation agreement (1992):Signing of first Co-operation agreement (1992):
R. Arndt (FRD president) & C. Rubbia (CERN-DG)R. Arndt (FRD president) & C. Rubbia (CERN-DG)
• CERN-NA43:CERN-NA43: Aarhus, Wits (Sellschop, Connell, Vilakazi), Florence - Aarhus, Wits (Sellschop, Connell, Vilakazi), Florence - collaborationcollaboration
– 1992 – 19971992 – 1997• CERN-NA59: CERN-NA59:
Aarhus, Wits (Sellschop [dec], Connell), Florence, Aarhus, Wits (Sellschop [dec], Connell), Florence, Northwestern (US), NIKHEF - collaborationNorthwestern (US), NIKHEF - collaboration
– 1998 – 2007 1998 – 2007
• CERN-NA63:CERN-NA63: Aarhus, UJ (Connell, Ballestrero), Florence, Aarhus, UJ (Connell, Ballestrero), Florence, Northwestern (US), NIKHEF - collaborationNorthwestern (US), NIKHEF - collaboration
– 2008 – 2008 – – Includes a FP7 application to develop Gamma Includes a FP7 application to develop Gamma
Ray Lasers using diamond crystal undulatorsRay Lasers using diamond crystal undulators
The SA-CERN ProgramThe SA-CERN Program
1. SA CERN started as a consortium of researchers who had long standing research program with CERN
Modeled along the Australian, Indian and Brazilian programs. Allows for
central point of coordination and resource allocation.
2. Agreement was that iTL would act as a neutral institutional hosts for the SA-CERN program:
SA-CERN ProgramSA-CERN ProgramHost Institution:Host Institution: iThemba LABS (iTL) iThemba LABS (iTL)
HOST MEMBERSHOST MEMBERSZZ Vilakazi (Director)
V Spannenberg(Business Manager)
ALICEALICEGroup Leader
S Förtsch Deputy Leader
RW Fearick (UCT)
ATLASATLASGroup Leaders
SH Connell(UJ)
&T Vickey
(wits)
ISOLDEISOLDEGroup Leader
K Bharuth-Ram (UKZN)
Nuclear and Nuclear and Particle Particle TheoryTheory
Group LeaderS Karataglidis (Rhodes/UJ)
Advisory Advisory CommitteeCommittee
Executive Executive CommitteeCommittee
ChairmanJ Cleymans (UCT)
DSTSAIPNRF
InternationalReviewer/s
Governance StructureGovernance Structure
Program Principal Investigators Field
ALICE
Experimental High Level
Trigger for the Dimuon
Spectrometer
Z.Z. Vilakazi (iThemba/UCT)
R.W. Fearick (UCT)
S. Förtsch (iThemba)
Z. Buthelezi (iThemba)
G. Steyn (iThemba)
B. Becker (iThemba/CSIR))
Computing:
simulation, analysis, data acquisition,
algorithms.
ALICE
Theory
J. Cleymans (UCT) ,
A.T. Muronga (UCT/UJ)
Hadron Physics,
QGP Physics, Hydrodynamics,
Thermal Modelling.
Nuclear and Particle
Theory
S. Karataglidis (UJ)
J. Williams(RU)
Nuclear reaction theory,
Nuclear Structure, Exotic nuclei,
Nuclear astrophysics.
ISOLDE K. Bharuth-Ram (UKZN)
D. Naidoo (Wits)
Hyperfine interactions
Mössbauer and channelling,
solid state defects. Nuclear Physics
ATLAS S .H. Connell (UJ) & T Vickey (wits)
ATLAS physics, etc..
SPS Projects S.H. Connell (UJ) QED with strong fields
Bent Crystal beam extraction
Crystal Undulator
GRID
High Performance Computing
J. Cleymans (UCT)
Z.Z. Vilakazi (iThemba)
S.H. Connell (UJ)
A.T. Muronga (UCT)
B. Becker (iThemba/CSIR)
GRID applications
Cluster computing
Existing activities at CERN involving South African scientists
CGC GlasmaInitial Singularity
sQGP Hadron Gas
High Energy Density Gluonic Matter
Gribov, Levin and Ryskin 1984
Mueller 1994
McLerran and Venugopalan
1994
Iancu
Kovchegov
New York-Tel Aviv-Paris-
Helsinki-Frankfurt
Thermalization?
12
LHC: Plasma Energy Density; Lifetime
Energy density expected to increase by factor ~ 2 – 3
Lifetime of QGP byFactor ~ 2 – 3
13
LHC: extending the low-x Reach
RHIC as opened the low-x frontier finding indications for new physics (CGC ?)
LHC will lower the x- frontier by another factor 30
Can reach x = 3 * 10-6 in pp, 10-5 in PbPb
Jammu 2.2008 J. Schukraft14
Participation of SA in ALICEParticipation of SA in ALICE Cape Town in ALICE: currently 6 senior staff + several students
UCT joined 2001, became UCT-CERN research center in 2003
iThemba LABS joined in 2008
Projects Dimuon Arm: algorithms for online High Level Trigger (dHLT, commissioned in 2008)
Grid Computing: Computing Cluster integrated into ALICE GRID
Physics: Dimuon studies (acceptance, efficiency); W production in pp; ..
Cape Town
Heidelberg
Bergen
Dubna
Tromsø
HLT data challenge: Nov. 2004• Online test on ‘Grid’ !• Test latency tolerance • Run stable for > 15 hours• Rate limited by bandwidthIEEE Trans.Nucl.Sci.55:703,2008. UCT group 2004
Jammu 2.2008 J. Schukraft 15
High-level Engagement
•Regular short/medium visits at CERNRegular short/medium visits at CERN
• Inter. Workshop on dimuon physics SA, 2004Inter. Workshop on dimuon physics SA, 2004
•VIP visitsVIP visits
• Minister Mangena(S&T), June 005 Minister Mangena(S&T), June 005
• Dr Mjwara (DG DST), July 2007Dr Mjwara (DG DST), July 2007
• M. Shuttleworth, Feb. 2007M. Shuttleworth, Feb. 2007
Minister M. Mangena, June 2005 SA team in ALICE, 2007
16
Off-line Data processing
18TBDec 2007: Data Processing during1st global Commissioning Run
systematic reconstruction of all RAW data Reconstructed events made available to collaboration
Accumulated data
More from Bruce Becker
Typical GRID operation during December 2007 Run
•In 2007: •65 Sites on 4 continents•7500 CPUs• 1PB of storage
Europe
Asia
North America
Africa
18
transition
Search for the critical point of strongly interacting matter
Study the properties of the onset of deconfinement in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Physics of strongly interacting matter
Measure hadron productionat high transverse momentain p+p and p+Pb collisions asreference for Pb+Pb results
Precision measurements:
Discovery potential:quark-gluon plasma
hadron gas
Physics goals of the NA61 experiment (I):Contributions by the iTL/UCT group to the CERN-SPS experiments.
19
Baryochemical potential (MeV)
Tem
pera
ture
(M
eV
)
critical point
1st order phase transition
water strongly interacting matter
Searching for the critical point
20
The NA61/SHINE Collaboration:
122 physicists from 24 institutes and 13 countries:
University of Athens, Athens, GreeceUniversity of Bergen, Bergen, NorwayUniversity of Bern, Bern, Switzerland KFKI IPNP, Budapest, HungaryCape Town University, Cape Town, South AfricaJagiellonian University, Cracow, PolandJoint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, RussiaFachhochschule Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyUniversity of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, GermanyUniversity of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandForschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute of Physics, University of Silesia, Katowice, PolandJan Kochanowski Univeristy, Kielce, PolandInstitute for Nuclear Research, Moscow, RussiaLPNHE, Universites de Paris VI et VII, Paris, FranceFaculty of Physics, University of Sofia, Sofia, BulgariaSt. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, RussiaState University of New York, Stony Brook, USAKEK, Tsukuba, JapanSoltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, PolandUniversity of Warsaw, Warsaw, PolandRudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, CroatiaETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
21
Detector
NA49: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A430, 210 (1999)NA49: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A430, 210 (1999) NA61 upgrades: CERN-SPSC-2006-034, SPSC-P-330
NA49 facility +
TPC read-out (x10)ToF (x2)PSD (x10)Beam pipe (x10)
22
10 20 30 40 80 158
energy (A GeV)
In+In
C+C
S+S
p+p
10 20 30 40 80 158
energy (A GeV)
?
Study the onset of deconfinement
Search for the onset of the horn in collisions of light nuclei
Precision measurements following the NA49 discovery
24
10 20 30 40 80 158
energy (A GeV)
Xe+La
B+C
Ar+Ca
p+p
p+p
In+In
158A 10A GeV
Searching for the critical point
Search for the hillof fluctuations
Discovery potential
25
Revised data taking schedule with ion beams
10 20 30 40 80 158
Xe+La
energy (A GeV)
Pb+Pb
B+C
Ar+Ca
NA61 ion program
p+p
p+Pb
NA49 (1996-2002)
The first 2D scan in history of A+A collisions
2009/10
2010/11(13)
2012
2011/12
2014
26
The NA61 revised data taking plan
FR test-1
(FR test-2)secondary
primary
primary
(secondary)iThemba LABS comes into the party
27
Grenoble Test Source 2 (GTS2)at iThemba LABS
iThemba LABS is in the process of assembling an electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS GTS2) that was designed by CEA in Grenoble, France, but not manufactured by them, because that division closed down. iThemba LABS bought the design drawings of the source from them and is now in the final stage of assembling the source. This source is the only other source that is based on the same design as the heavy-ion ECRIS used at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) facility at The European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) facility in Europe, and subsequently a collaboration agreement was proposed by CERN. A Letter of Intent was signed between iThemba LABS and CERN to outline the terms and conditions of the collaboration agreement, which involves the initial commissioning of the GTS2 ECRIS at iThemba LABS, followed by the study of specific heavy-ion beams as requested by the fixed target experiment (NA61) group at CERN. The aim will be to find the optimal source settings and to characterize the source behavior for these specific ion species. Construction is on schedule for completion by the end of 2010.
29
0.1
1
10
100
1000
15 20 25 30 35 40
GTS 18 GHz
RIKEN 18 GHz
SERSE 18 GHz
AECR 10+14 GHz
Charge state
Curr
ent (
mic
ro a
mpe
re)
The beam currents are shown for the different charge states of a xenon from different sources. The AECR source is from the USA, the GTS source from CEA in France and SERSE and VENUS are super conducting sources from Italy and the USA, respectively.
Letter of Intent between iThemba LABS and CERN and Initial activities to
ensure the success of this project • The NRF made available R4M which was needed to buy and manufacture
the outstanding components of the GTS2 ECRIS.• Letter of Intention was signed by both parties on June 2010.• CERN and iThemba LABS respectively contribute CHF50k and R200k for
the execution of the project.• Dr Rainer Thomae from iThemba LABS is visiting CERN from 27 July – 10
August 2010 to gain experience in operating the CERN GTS2 ECRIS.• Dr Thomae will visit CERN later this year to assist with the operation of the
CERN GTS2 ECRIS when it will be use to produce heavy ions for the CERN accelerators.
• Dr Detlef Kuchler from CERN will visit iThemba LABS by the end of 2010 to help iThemba LABS with the commissioning of the GTS2 source.
31
Revised data taking schedule with ion beams
10 20 30 40 80 158
Xe+La
energy (A GeV)
Pb+Pb
B+C
Ar+Ca
NA61 ion program
p+p
p+Pb
NA49 (1996-2002)
The first 2D scan in history of A+A collisions
2009/10
2010/11(13)
2012
2011/12
2014
SA could be a potential Gateway to allow access for the continent to CERNSA could be a potential Gateway to allow access for the continent to CERN
35
w
N/
5
10
15
20
25
)1/2
F (GeV
0 1 2 3 4 5-1
0
1
2
FIT(A+A)-(p+p)
+/+
K
0.1
0.2
)1/2
F (GeV
0 5 10 15)
(MeV
)+
T(K
100
200
300
A+A:NA49AGSRHICp+p
Kink
Horn
Step
collision energy
AGS SPS RHIC
hadrons mixed QGP
collision energy
hadro
n p
roduct
ion p
ropert
ies
AGS SPS RHICOnset of deconfinement
NA49 results (PRC77:024903): evidence for the onset of deconfinement at
the low CERN SPS energies
36 36
LHC: Cross-sections and Rates
Cross-sections ofinteresting probes expected to increase by factors ~ 10 ( cc ) to ~ 102 ( bb ) to ~ > 105 (very high pT jets)
37
The kinematical range accessible• Small x higher initial parton density qualitatively different matter produced at LHC mid-rapidity? tests of saturation phenomena? - bulk observables - pt-spectra in scaling regime - rapidity vs. dependence - …
• Large abundant yield of hard probes precise tests of properties of produced matter - color field strength - collective flow - viscosity - …
Q2
sNN
Recommended