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THE MUSIC OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA. Sub-Saharan Africa is extremely diverse. We will explore the relationship between African music and the kinds of culture that produce it. A Shona Mbira performance in Zimbabwe is our first case study. Mbira music: "Nhemamusasa" Textbook CD 2, track 11. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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THE MUSIC OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Sub-Saharan Africa is
extremely diverse
We will explore the relationship between African music and the kinds of culture that produce it
A Shona Mbira
performance in Zimbabwe
is our first case study
Mbira music: "Nhemamusasa" Textbook CD 2, track 11
The Pygmies are nomadic hunters and gathers of equatorial Africa
They use vocal choirs, flute duets, trumpets made from tree bark or ivory, and the
musical bow
BaMbuti vocal music: “Alima Girls’ Initiation
Music.” Textbook CD 2, track 12
The Mande of West Africa come from Senegal and
Gambia
Kora music: “Ala l’a ke” Textbook CD 2, track 13
The Ewe of Ghana have club organizations that maintain semiprofessional drum and
dance troupes
“Gadzo” Textbook
CD 2, track 14
The Buganda Kingdom
desecrated musical
instruments after the 1962 insurrection
Greetings and Praises
Performed on the Yoruba Dùndún
DrumTextbook CD 2,
track 15
Musical Bow Played by a
BaMbuti Pygmy Textbook CD 2,
track 16
Popular music in
the twentieth
century includes
West African highlife
brass bands
I.K. Dairo and The Blue Spots,
“Salome” Textbook CD,
track 17
“Chitima Ndikature” Thomas
Mapfumo and The Blacks Unlimited
Textbook CD 2, track 18
Despite the diversity, a few underlying principles characterize the music of the
whole region
Interlocking is the practice of fitting pitches into spaces between other
parts
An example is the whole melody
created by a mbira player’s
two hands
Call and response is very common
Hocket is the interlocking
pitches between two or more
sources.An example is Pygmy vocal
music
Dense, overlapping textures and
fuzzy timbres in overlapping drum
rhythms is common
Ostinatos are the basic foundation of a performance
Community participation is key
The importance of rhythmic complexity is not to be
underestimated
Summary
Sub-Saharan Africa is a huge
area.There are,
however, some common general
musical characteristics
African music favors ostinatos, polyphony, and
interlocking parts
Musical performance is often a communal participatory activity
Many musical performances
accompany religious or civic rituals
Social structure and conditions influences music and performance
Key instruments include
lamellaphones (the mbira), strings (the
kora), xylophones,
trumpets, flutes, musical bows,
and drums
During the 20th century,
cosmopolitan musical
influences have been
incorporated into the African musical scene
Is there an equivalent to
African interlocking in
Western music, and how might it
work?
Is there an equivalent to African interlocking in an Asian music studied
thus far, and how does it work?
Why would Pygmy communal living bear an influence on vocal hocket?
Why would Pygmy nomadic
life prevent Pygmies from using many
musical instruments?
Why do the words of the jali have as much importance as
writing?
Are there equivalents to the
jali in Western music, and what
do they say?
Does our popular music use drumming in the same manner as African
drumming, or is it different?
What might befall an
African court music tradition in the event of
political insurrection,
and how could it be guarded?
How have traditional African
musical instruments and styles survived in
the rapidly changing world?
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