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PowerPoint® Lecture Slides
prepared by
Karen Dunbar Kareiva
Ivy Tech Community College© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
Chapter 10 Part B
The Muscular
System
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.5: Deep Muscles of the Thorax:
Breathing
• Two phases of breathing: inspiration (inhaling) and
expiration (exhaling)
• Inspiratory muscles include diaphragm and external
intercostals
– Contraction of these muscles enlarges rib cage
– Diaphragm divides thoracic and abdominal cavities
• Expiration brought on by relaxation of inspiratory
muscles, as well as contraction of internal
intercostals
– Relaxation of muscles decreases size of rib cage
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.5 Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.11a Muscles of respiration.
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Internalintercostal
Externalintercostal
Table 10.5 Deep Muscles of the Thorax: Breathing
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.11b Muscles of respiration.
12th rib
Foramenfor aorta
Centraltendon ofdiaphragm
Foramen for inferiorvena cava
Lumbarvertebra
Quadratuslumborum
Lumbarvertebra
Diaphragm
Costal cartilage
Foramen foresophagus
Xiphoid process of sternum
Psoas major
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.11c Muscles of respiration.
Pericardium (cut)
Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Diaphragm (muscular part)
Pericardial sac
Aorta
Body of thoracic vertebra
Central tendon of diaphragm
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: External intercostals
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Internal intercostals
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.6: Muscles of the Abdominal Wall:
Trunk Movements and Compression of
Abdominal Viscera
• Four paired muscles: their fasciae and
aponeuroses form lateral and anterior
abdominal wall
– Rectus abdominis
– External obliques
– Internal obliques
– Transversus abdominis
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.6: Muscles of the Abdominal Wall:
Trunk Movements and Compression of
Abdominal Viscera (cont.)
• Fascicles run at angles to one another, provide
added strength
• All innervated by intercostal nerves
• Actions of these muscles
– Lateral flexion and rotation of trunk
– Help promote urination, defecation, childbirth,
vomiting, coughing, and screaming
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.6 Muscles of the Abdominal Wall: Trunk Movements and Compression of Abdominal Viscera
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.12a Muscles of the abdominal wall.
Serratus anterior
Transversus abdominis
Internal oblique
External oblique
Aponeurosisof the externaloblique
Inguinal ligament(formed by free inferiorborder of the externaloblique aponeurosis)
Pectoralis major
Linea alba
Tendinous intersection
Rectus abdominis
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.12b Muscles of the abdominal wall.
IIiac crest
Externaloblique
Rectusabdominis
Internaloblique
Pubictubercle
Lumbarfascia
Transversusabdominis
Inguinalligament
Lumbarfascia
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.12c Muscles of the abdominal wall.
Rectus abdominis
Internal oblique
PeritoneumTransversus abdominis
External obliqueAponeuroses
Lineaalba
Skin
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A&P Flix™: Rectus abdominis
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A&P Flix™: External obliques
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A&P Flix™: Internal obliques
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A&P Flix™: Transversus abdominis
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.7: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and
Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic
Organs
• Muscles of the pelvic diaphragm
– Composed of two paired muscles
• Levator ani
• Coccygeus
– Both are innervated by sacral nerves
– Functions of pelvic diaphragm
• Seals inferior outlet of pelvis
• Supports pelvic organs
• Lifts pelvic floor to help release feces
• Resists increased intra-abdominal pressure
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.13a Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.
Levator ani
Posterior
Anterior
Coccygeus
Levator ani
CoccygeusPelvicdiaphragm
Symphysis pubis
Piriformis
Coccyx
PubococcygeusUrogenital diaphragm
Urethra
Vagina
IIiococcygeus
AnalcanalObturator
internus
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.7: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and
Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic
Organs (cont.)
• Muscles of the urogenital diaphragm
– Anterior half of perineum, inferior to pelvic floor
– Deep transverse perineal muscle
– Contains external urethral sphincter (voluntary
control of urination)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.13b Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.
Inferior pubic ramus
Central tendon
Anus
Male Female
External analsphincter
Deep transverseperineal muscle
External urethralsphincter
Vaginalopening
Urethralopening
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.7: Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and
Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic
Organs (cont.)
• Muscles of superficial perineal space
– Ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus help
maintain erection of penis and clitoris
– Superficial transverse perineal muscles
• External anal sphincter is located in posterior
half of perineum
– Allows voluntary control of defecation
• Central tendon of perineum
– Strong tendon that many perineal muscles insert
into© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.7 Muscles of the Pelvic Floor and Perineum: Support of Abdominopelvic Organs
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.13c Muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum.
Penis
Male Female
Midline raphe
Ischiocavernosus
Anus
Levator ani
Gluteus maximus
Clitoris
Bulbospongiosus
Superficialtransverseperineal muscle
Urethralopening
Vaginalopening
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.8: Superficial Muscles of the
Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of
the Scapula and Arm
• Most are extrinsic shoulder muscles
– Act in combination to fix shoulder girdle (mostly
scapula); move it to increase range of arm
movements
– Actions: elevation, depression, rotation, lateral
and medial movements, protraction, and
retraction
• Two groups of muscles
– Muscles of the anterior thorax
– Muscles of the posterior thorax
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.8-1 Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of the Scapula and Arm
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.14a Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Sternocleidomastoid
Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Sternum
Biceps brachii
Subclavius
Subscapularis
Pectoralis minor
Coracobrachialis
Serratus anterior
Humerus
Clavicle
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.14b Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Deltoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Subclavius
Serratus anterior
Coracobrachialis
Rectus abdominis
Pectoralis minor
Biceps brachii
Internal intercostals(seen through externalintercostal membranes)
Cephalicvein
Pectoralismajor
Externaloblique
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Muscles of Pectoral Girdle (a)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Muscles of Pectoral Girdle (b)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Pectoralis minor
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Serratus anterior
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Table 10.8-2 Superficial Muscles of the Anterior and Posterior Thorax: Movements of the Scapula and Arm (continued)
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.14c Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Trapezius
Deltoid
Supraspinatus
Clavicle
Spine of scapula
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Humerus
Teres major
Rhomboid
minor
Rhomboid
major
Latissimus
dorsi
Levator
scapulae
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.14d Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Trapezius
Deltoid
Teres major
Triceps brachii
Latissimus
dorsi
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
Figure 10.14e Superficial muscles of the thorax and shoulder acting on the scapula and arm.
Deltoid
Infraspinatus
Teres major
Teres minor
Latissimus dorsi
Rhomboid
major
Rhomboid
minor
Levator scapulae
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Trapezius
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Levator scapulae
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Rhomboid major
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Rhomboid minor
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Muscles of Pectoral Girdle
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
A&P Flix™: Movement of Pectoral Girdle
© 2017 Pearson Education, Inc.
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