The Middle Ages

Decline of Roman Empire- Germanic Barbarians took over

and everything fell apart

PeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodizationPeriodization

Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c

Middle AgesMiddle Ages• Had roots in classical Rome, Roman Had roots in classical Rome, Roman

Catholic Church, Germanic customsCatholic Church, Germanic customs• Y? Y?

1)1)Trade decreased, less $$Trade decreased, less $$

2)2)Downfall of cities– went to villagesDownfall of cities– went to villages

3)3)Population went from city to Rural Population went from city to Rural (country)(country)

4)4)Decline of LearningDecline of Learning

5)5)Loss of common language- different Loss of common language- different dialectsdialects

““Franks”Franks”

• Who: Germanic People, ClovisWho: Germanic People, Clovis

• What: group of people that held power What: group of people that held power in Gaulin Gaul

• Where: Gual (France & Switzerland Where: Gual (France & Switzerland today) today)

• When: 511When: 511

• Why: The leader Clovis converted to Why: The leader Clovis converted to Christianity & united all the Franks = Christianity & united all the Franks = made them all Christian made them all Christian

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

CharlemagneCharlemagne• Who: Charles the Great, king of Who: Charles the Great, king of

Carolingian dynasty that ruled Carolingian dynasty that ruled Frankish kingdomFrankish kingdom

• What: Holy Roman EmperorWhat: Holy Roman Emperor

• Where:Where:

• When:When:

• Why… on the next slide… Why… on the next slide…

1)1) Built an empire greater than any Built an empire greater than any known since Rome (Holy Roman known since Rome (Holy Roman Empire- [also a NC])Empire- [also a NC])

2)2) He was crowned HRE by the pope = He was crowned HRE by the pope = Pope had more power than a king… Pope had more power than a king… will be a prob for a LONG time… will be a prob for a LONG time…

3)3) Limited authority of noblesLimited authority of nobles

4)4) His death = break up of power & His death = break up of power & lands = feudalism & diff. countries in lands = feudalism & diff. countries in EuropeEurope

Holy Roman Empire (HRE)Holy Roman Empire (HRE)• Who: Charlemagne, EuropeansWho: Charlemagne, Europeans

• What: a united empire of Europe What: a united empire of Europe under one power- Charlemagneunder one power- Charlemagne

• Where: Most of EuropeWhere: Most of Europe

• When: When:

• Why: No other leader has been able Why: No other leader has been able to unify all of Europe under one pwer to unify all of Europe under one pwer since thensince then

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance

European FeudalismEuropean Feudalism

Section 2Section 2

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismWhat: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service- governed Europe during Middle Ages

Pyramid social structure

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at work at work

Village Church

Village Bakery

Peasant Home

Manorialism & Its Decline After Plague

•Manor system provided feudal lords with wealth; peasants serfs were forced

to work the land in exchange for food and shelter; near slave labor

•Serfs typically could not leave the manor freely; had few rights and little

economic opportunity

•Trade expansion & plague would disrupt this system; serfs could dictate wages

and labor opportunities would open up in the cities c.1350

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

KNIGHT

SQUIRE

PAGE

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

The Power of the ChurchThe Power of the Church

Section 4Section 4

Pgs. 370-373Pgs. 370-373

The Power of the ChurchThe Power of the Church• Weak political gov’ts around EuropeWeak political gov’ts around Europe

= Church #1 = Church #1

• Center of everyone’s lives in Middle Center of everyone’s lives in Middle Ages (remember the picture- center Ages (remember the picture- center of the village) of the village)

• Religion: _______________ Religion: _______________

Structure of the churchStructure of the church• Hierarchy of Clergy- just like Hierarchy of Clergy- just like

FeudalismFeudalism

• Clergy: religious officialsClergy: religious officials

(Clergy) Why?(Clergy) Why?• Served as the unifying force among Served as the unifying force among

the people in M.A.– brought people the people in M.A.– brought people togethertogether

• Served as the main contact with the Served as the main contact with the Church and God– aka SalvationChurch and God– aka Salvation

• Administered Sacraments (important Administered Sacraments (important Religious ceremonies/rites) Religious ceremonies/rites) – Ex: Baptism, Marriage, CommunionEx: Baptism, Marriage, Communion

MonasteriesMonasteries• Who: European ChristiansWho: European Christians

• What: religious communities where What: religious communities where Monks lived; Nuns lived in conventsMonks lived; Nuns lived in convents

• Where: EuropeWhere: Europe

• When: Middle Ages 500-1500When: Middle Ages 500-1500

• Why: Why:

1) were Europe’s best educated 1) were Europe’s best educated communities: schools, libraries, communities: schools, libraries, copiedcopied

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Canon LawCanon Law• Who:Who:

• What: system of justice- The law of the What: system of justice- The law of the Church for matters such as marriage & Church for matters such as marriage & religious practicesreligious practices

• Where:Where:

• When: When:

• Why: If you didn’t obey Canon Law, Why: If you didn’t obey Canon Law, you would be excommunicated or not you would be excommunicated or not allowed to take Sacraments = Hell!!!allowed to take Sacraments = Hell!!!

Power: Pope or King? Power: Pope or King? • The Pope had #1 power on earth.. The Pope had #1 power on earth..

• Kings thought they were from God & Kings thought they were from God & should have the #1 power… should have the #1 power…

• = struggle… Who has the #1 power? = struggle… Who has the #1 power?

• Examples: Examples: – CharlemagneCharlemagne– OttoOtto

(Power struggle contd)(Power struggle contd)• The Church resented Kings/nobles The Church resented Kings/nobles

having power over the church..having power over the church..

• The Pope BANS Lay Investiture…The Pope BANS Lay Investiture…

• Irritates King, so King says: “Step Irritates King, so King says: “Step down!” down!”

• Pope Excommunicates King HenryPope Excommunicates King Henry

• = The Pope has more power! = The Pope has more power!

Lay InvestitureLay Investiture• Who: European Kings & the PopeWho: European Kings & the Pope

• What: Kings & nobles appointed What: Kings & nobles appointed church officialschurch officials

• Where: _(you should know these by Where: _(you should know these by now…)_____now…)_____

• When: __________When: __________

• Why: Kings had power over the Why: Kings had power over the church = the Church/Pope gets mad = church = the Church/Pope gets mad = Pope BANS Lay Investiture= King & Pope BANS Lay Investiture= King & Pope fight Pope fight

Concordat of WormsConcordat of Worms• Who: Pope & KingsWho: Pope & Kings

• What: agreement b.n Pope & Kings What: agreement b.n Pope & Kings that that

• Where: Worms, GermanyWhere: Worms, Germany

• When: 1122 CE (Middle Ages) When: 1122 CE (Middle Ages)

• Why:Why:

DON’T FORGET to do these DON’T FORGET to do these cards that aren’t here… cards that aren’t here… • Carolingian DynastyCarolingian Dynasty

• LordLord

• FiefFief

• VassalVassal

• Knights Knights

• SerfSerf

• ManorManor

• ChivalryChivalry

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.

the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.

tried to curb feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.

curb heresies crusades; Inquisition

tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStylee Rounded Arches.

e Barrel vaults.

e Thick walls.

e Darker, simplistic interiors.

e Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.