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The location
Geographically, Pescara is located in mid-eastern Italy.
However, having been part of the Kingdom of Naples, it shares the cultural and linguistic heritage of Southern Italy.
Goals
• To describe the intonation system of the variety of Italian spoken in Pescara (Abruzzi, Eastern Italy).
•To set up the inventory of nuclear pitch accents and boundary tones for this variety according to the ToBI labelling conventions.
•To describe the intonation system of the local Romance dialect spokenin Pescara.
•To set up the inventory of nuclear pitch accents and boundary tones for this language according to the ToBI labelling conventions.
•To analyze the prosodic mutual influence between the two languages.
•To test to what extent the native (Pescara dialect) intonation characteristics (substratum characteristics) pass through to Italian.
The Italian sociolinguistic
distributionWritten Oral
(segmental level)
Surasegmental
level
Italian (Standard,
correct, ideal)
• • Does not exist
Italian (actual) • • • • • …. • • • • • …. •
Italian-dialect
pidginization
• • • • …. •
(Chat)
• • • • …. • • • • • …. •
(?)
Dialect • • • • …. •
M F R N …. Pilan lorence ome aples escara
(Chat?)
• • • • …. •
M F R N …. P
• • • • …. •
M F R N …. P
What is influence of substratum?The case of “raddoppiamento fonosintattico”
Oral (segmental level)
Italian (Standard,
correct, ideal)
Non lo vuoi
dire?
Sono caduto da lì/da là
Pescara Italian No „llo vuoi
dire?
Sono caduto/cascato da llì/da llà
Italian-dialect
pidginization in
Pescara
No „llo vuoi dì? So’ ccascato da ssà
Pescara Dialect Nnì vu dicƏ?
Ni li vu dicƏ?
So cascatƏ da ssà
Things to pay attention to:
-Not all Pescara Italian peculiarities come from substratum
-Substratum is not only current substratum
-Not all substratum influence is by similarity
ToBI analyses of Italian intonation
•We take into account previous ToBI analyses of Italian, for the southern varieties spoken in Naples (D'Imperio, 1997 and 1999, Crocco, 2006), Bari (Savino, 1997, Grice, 1997), Palermo (Grice, 1995), Cosenza (Sorianello, 1994-1995, 2001, Sorianello, in print), Catanzaro (Sardelli and Marotta, 2007), central varieties such as those spoken in Pisa (Gili Fivela, 2003), Siena (Marotta-Sorianello, 1999), Firenze (Avesani, 1995, Avesani-Hirschberg, 1997), Roma (Giordano, 2005, 2006, Sardelli, 2006, Sardelliand Marotta, 2007), Perugia (Giordano, 2006) an northern varieties such as Milan (Sardelli, 2006) and Turin (Besana, 1999).
• We take into account a recent ToBI-Italian general proposal that integrates the analysis of different dialects of Italian (e.g., Gili-Fivela et al. 2010).
•We also consider the ToBI analysis of those varieties that are genetically more related to Pescara Italian like Neapolitan Italian (D’Imperio 1997, Crocco, 2006), and Bari Italian (Savino 1997), as well as those which are geographically closer, like Rome Italian (Giordano, 2006).
The corpus• The elicitation of the data was done through an established survey based on that proposed by Prieto (2001) and re-adapted to Standard Italian by the group coordinated by Barbara Gili-Fivela. The same survey has to be translated and readapted to the dialect (only oral version).
•The survey contains 57 situations that are designed to evoke everyday situations by presenting the subject with a series of situations. It contains a variety of sentence-types (statements, yes-no questions, wh-questions, imperatives) that convey different pragmatic meanings (incredulity, confirmation, obviousness, etc.)
•For each speaker, the survey was presented twice. In the first presentation, the interviewer was reading the situations and the subjects were answering first in a spontaneous way and second by reading the proposed response. In the second presentations, subjects read the target situation and the response was given both spontaneously and by reading.
Speakers
• Seven female and six male L1-speakers of Pescara Italian were interviewed. Eight of these speakers aged between 23 and 37, and five of them between 60 and 75.
•A total of 2914 utterances were elicited: 57 situations x 13 speakers x 4 elicitation types.
•So far, we analyzed the eight young speakers and we limited ourselves to analyzing 33 target situations (the same used in other Romance varieties), for a total of 33 x 8 x 2 = 528 sentences analyzed with Praat and labelled.
Previous work on contact
Colantoni & Gurlekian, 2004: Contact of Spanish and Italian in Argentina, pre-nuclear and nuclear pitch in statements. Hypothesis:
1)Italian immigrants transfer their L1-prosodic patterns to Spanish (L2) and create their own intonational variant of Spanish
2) Spanish monolinguals “accommodate” their L1 features to this variant which reaches the status of Argentinian Spanish
Previous work on contactSimonet 2008, 2010: contact of Spanish and Catalan in Mallorca, studyon statements, on bilinguals
1) Spanish-dominant bilinguals have oneintonational strategy which they use for speakingboth Spanish and Catalan. It is still more similarto the Spanish monolingual strategy than to the Catalan monolingual strategy, but it has movedtowards the latter
2) Catalan-dominant bilinguals have twostrategies: one for speaking Catalan (similar tomonolinguals) and one significantly different forspeaking Spanish (still closer to the Catalan thanto the Spanish monolingual one, but it has movedtowards the latter)
Previous work on contact
Elordieta-Romera (submitted): contact of Spanish and Catalan in Mallorca, studyon statements and questions, on monolingualSpanish speakers having moved to Mallorca
1) In questions, Spanish monolingualsaccommodate their intonational strategy to the Catalan strategy
2) In statements, Spanish monolinguals do notaccommodate their intonational strategy to the Catalan strategy
Pescara Italian:the pitch accents
L+H*H+L* ¡H+L* H*+L
H+L*
The pitch accents: H+L*
and its (phonetic?) variant, ¡H+L*
Broad focus statement: “Beve una bibita” H+L* L% vs ¡H+L* L%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Freq
. (H
z)
8080
108
136
164
192
220
F0 (Hz)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Beve una bibita
1 0 4
L+H* H+L* L%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q. (
Hz)
8080
104
128
152
176
200
F0 (H
z)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Beve una bibita
1 0 4
L+H* ¡H+L* L%¡H+L*
Other uses of H+L*
and specific uses of ¡H+L*
H+L*
¡H+L*
-Broad Focus Statement
-Imperative Sentence
-Last item in declarative list
-2nd tone in disjunctive question
-Surprise Y/N questions-2nd tone in Wh-question
-Answer
-Categorical
-Evident
-Narrow focus
-Confirmation seeking Y/N questions-Vocative (1st type)
The pitch accents: H*+L
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
5050
100
150
200
250
300
F0
(Hz)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
No! Vorrei dei limoni!
4 1 0 4
H+L* L% L+H* H*+L
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
150150
190
230
270
310
350
F0
(Hz)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Avete dei mandarini?
1 0 4
H*+L H%H*+L
Information seeking yes/no question: “Avete dei mandaRIni?”
(“Have you got tangerines?”) H*+L LH%
Contrastive narrow focus: “Vorrei dei liMOni” (“I would like
lemons”) H*+L L%
Other uses of H*+L
H*+L
With a high (LH%)boundary tone:
-Information Seeking Y/N questions
-Echo Y/N questions
-Echo Wh-questions
With a low boundary tone:
-Contrastive narrow focus statement
-Exclamation
-Exhortation
The pitch accents: L+H*
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104F
req
. (H
z)
2020
76
132
188
244
300
F0 (H
z)
00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.911.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.922.12.22.32.42.52.62.72.82.933.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.944.14.24.34.44.54.64.74.84.955.15.25.35.45.55.65.75.85.966.16.2
Cocco, melone, mela, anguria, arancia, mandarino, limone
4 4 4 4 4 4 4
L+H* H% L+H* H% L+H* H% L+H* H% L+H* H% L+H* H% H+L*L%
L+H*
Itemizing in list (except for last item): L+H* H%
“Cocco, meLOne, Mela, anGUria, aRAncia, mandaRIno, limone”
(“Coconut, melon, apple, watermelon, orange, tangerine, lemon”)
Other occurrences of L+H*
L+H*
With a high boundary tone
-Item in list
-First tone in disjunctive question
-First tone in wh-question
With a low boundary tone:
-Item in list conveying a “bored” attitude
H+L* ¡H+L* H*+L L+H*
H% (LH%) -We think in
some
surprise/defy
Y/N question
-Probably in
some issue of
offer or
confirmation
seeking question
-2nd tone or
unique tone in
Information
Seeking Y/N
question
-Echo Y/N
questions
-Echo Wh-
questions
-Offer
-Item in List
(before-last),
-First tone in
disjunctive
question
-First tone in wh-
question
M% -Vocative (second
type)
-Doubt (special
utterances)
L% -Broad Focus
Statement
-Imperative
Sentence
-Last item in
declarative list
-2nd tone in
disjunctive
question
-Vocative (First
type)
-Answer
-Categorical
-Evident
-Narrow focus
-Confirmation
seeking Y/N
quetion
-Vocative (first
type)
-Surprise Y/N
questions
-Contrastive
narrow focus
Statement
-Exclamation
-Exhortation
-1st tone in Inf
seeking Y/N
-Item in list
(special, annoyed,
second -before-
last)
Contact issues: calling contours
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q. (
Hz)
2020
96
172
248
324
400
F0 (H
z)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Domenico!
4
L+H* !H%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
5050
120
190
260
330
400
F0 (H
z)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
Domenico!
4
¡H+L* L%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
5050
120
190
260
330
400
F0
(Hz)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Domé’!
4
¡H+L* L%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q. (
Hz)
150150
216
282
348
414
480
F0 (H
z)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
A’ Già’!
0 4
¡H+L* L%
“Domenico!” Vocative (dialect-type)“Domenico!” Vocative (Italian type)
“Domé!” Vocative (Dialect) “A Già!” Vocative (Dialect, Anacrusis)
Contact issues: polar questions
Contact issues: polar questions
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
150150
190
230
270
310
350
F0 (H
z)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2
Avete dei mandarini?
1 0 4
H*+L H%
Information seeking yes/no question: “Avete dei mandaRIni?”
(“Have you got tangerines?”) H*+L LH% vs H*+L L%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
6060
158
256
354
452
550
F0 (H
z)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
Avete dei mandarini?
1 0 4
L+H* H*+L L%
104
00
2000
4000
6000
8000
104
Fre
q.
(Hz)
100100
170
240
310
380
450
F0
(Hz)
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
Avete mandarini?
1 4
H*+L H%
THANK YOU! GRAZIE! GRACIES!
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