The Jefferson Era Chapter 8. Jefferson Becomes President Election was between John Adams and Thomas...

The Jefferson Era

Chapter 8

Jefferson Becomes President

• Election was between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson

• They were tied at 73 electoral votes each

• House broke the tie by selecting Jefferson

Jefferson’s Policies

• What was Federal City like in Jefferson’s time?• Read page 268 – 269 to reading check• What were Jefferson’s policies?– Allowed the hated Alien and Sedition Acts to

expire– Lowered military spending– Got rid of domestic taxes

• http://youtu.be/uAt1YLP3T34

Jefferson’s Beliefs

• Believed main functions of the federal government included– Protecting the nation from foreign threats– Delivering mail– Collecting customs duties

• Kept some Federalist ideas such as the Bank of the United States

Marbury v. Madison• Read Supreme Court Decisions page 269.

The Louisiana Purchase

Problem!

If France controlled Louisiana, the westward expansion of the United States

could be blocked!

Solution

Buy the city of New Orleans!Jefferson sends James Monroe and Robert

Livingston to try to buy New Orleans

Napoleon and Louisiana

• Napoleon was a powerful leader who had conquered most of Europe

• He wished to rebuild France’s empire in North America

Strategy

• Napoleon wanted to use the French colony of Haiti, in the Caribbean, as a supply base

• Rebellion in Haiti ended Napoleon’s dreams in 1802

The Offer

Buy the entire Louisiana TerritoryThis way Napoleon could finance

his war in EuropePrice: 15 million

The Louisiana Purchase 1803

What we get…

• Nearly double the size of the United States at that time

• Control of the Mississippi River and the port at New Orleans = control trade up and down the river!

Jefferson’s Dilemma

The Constitution did not state that the President had the power to buy land

from a foreign country.

Jefferson decides

Since the Constitution did give the President the power to MAKE

TREATIES, he did just that!

The Coming of War

• Section 3 study guide

The War of 1812

• James Madison is elected president in 1808– Felt growing pressure from the War Hawks– Decided Congress must vote on war in 1812

• Congress voted and the War Hawk won– Congress declared war for the first time in our

Nation’s history• Madison is reelected in 1812• Would serve as Commander in Chief during

the War of 1812

War of 1812

War at Sea

• Britain has about 1000 ships scattered around the globe

• American’s had less than 20– We had well trained

sailors– U.S.S. Constitution– https://

youtu.be/CK8I0UMEzas

Battles Along the Canadian Border

• American leaders wanted to invade Canada

• Attacks in 1812 failed• Oliver Hazard Perry won naval

Battle of Lake Erie in 1813• American control of Lake Erie

was established• British were driven out of the

Northwest in 1813

The Creek War

• War erupted in the South with Native Americans– Angry over settlers pushing into their land

• Creeks attacked Fort Mims in Alabama• Andrew Jackson, leading 2000 volunteers, defeated

the Creeks at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in Alabama, 1814

• Treaty of Fort Jackson ended the war in 1814 and forced the Creeks to give up millions of acres of their land

• https://youtu.be/QSshJelzNeY

British Attacks in the East

• British attacked Washington D.C. in 1814• Set fire to the White House, Capitol, and other

buildings• British shelled Fort McHenry at Baltimore,

Maryland• Americans refused to surrender, and British

retreated

Battle of New Orleans

• British hoped to capture New Orleans and control the city

• Andrew Jackson commanded U.S. troops which included regular soldiers, free African Americans, Choctaws, state militia, and pirates

• 5,300 British against 4,500 Americans• https://youtu.be/50_iRIcxsz0

Battle of New Orleans

• British were caught in an open field

• More than 2,000 British casualties• American victory at the Battle of

New Orleans made Jackson a hero and was the last major conflict of the war

Effects of the War