The Industrial Revolution 20

BEGINNING OF THE INDUSTRIAL REV. Industrial Revolution was a pivotal

phenomenon in the history of Europe that ushered a period of economic progress and development.

Money became a central element in defining motives, power, and status.

A time of substantial economic growth It started in England around mid-18th

century. England had the largest overseas empire in

the world. James Hargreaves invented the spinning

jenny that made it possible to spin 16 threads simultaneously.

Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule that made it possible to increase the amount of yarn.

Eli Whitney inventedthe cotton gin that separated the seeds from the cotton ball faster and more efficiently.

These developments allowed Great Britain to become the primary exporter of cotton textile.

It started in England because it had a large supply of coal and iron.

Coal proved to be a more efficient fuel than wood

Manpower was the prime mover of industry.

James Watt invented steam engine. It replaced water as the primary energy source.

George Stephenson invented the steam locomotive. It made possible access to distant markets.

An important factor that contributed to the success of the Industrial Rev. was the general respect for financial success (commendable goal). It encouraged the industrialists, entrepreneurs, financiers, bankers and others.

SPREAD OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

CONTINENTAL EUROPEFree from the influence of

traditional aristocracy, they entered into business ventures to make money.

They became an important force of the Industrial Revolution in terms of the investments that they made to stimulate a variety of economic activities

Their money provided the impetus for invention and the dev’t of new technology and products.

Another significant factor of Industrial Revolution was the growth in the pop. Of Europe.

ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY Electricity and petroleum superseded

coal and steam. It paved way for the dev’t of new and better machines used for industries such as the electric generator and internal combustion engine.

Thomas Edison invented the incandescent lamp which meant that working hours could be prolonged into the night as well as other social activities.

Advent of railway system Dev’t of steamships improved the

carrying capacity of European nations in their drive to market their goods all over the world.

Communication facilities was also revolutionized with the dev’t of the electric telegraph and the Morse Code by Samuel Morse.

News and the latest dev’ts and trends were able to travel faster reaching a great number of people.

Alexander Graham Bell invented telephone Guglielmo Marconi invented radio that

made it possible to link the world even more closely.

Steel industry made an impact not only on the transport sector but on the construction as well.

Steel would become the preferred material for use in the making of locomotives, steamships, and high-rise buildings.

Bessemer Converter developed by Henry Bessemer made the method of making steel cheap.

Karl Wilhielm Siemens perfected the open hearth process of steel production. He also pioneered the dev’t of the electric locomotive and the laying of transoceanic cables. He improved the electric generator.

Industrial Chemistry Dr. Joseph Lister: antiseptics William Morton: anesthetics Louis Pasteur: vaccine for rabies and

pasteurization Chemical fertilizers increased the yield of

various crops

IMPACT OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

FACTORY SYSTEM

It centralized the workplace not only in terms of labor but also in terms of delivery of raw materials.

Easier to supervise the work and monitor the output

“sweatshops” Working conditions: intolerable