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PowerPoint® Lecture Slide Presentation by Patty Bostwick-Taylor, Florence-Darlington Technical College
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
PART A1
The Human Body: An Orientation
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
The Human Body—An OrientationAnatomy
§ Study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts
Physiology
§ Study of how the body and its parts work or function
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy—Levels of Study§ Gross anatomy
§ Large structures
§ Easily observable
Figure 14.1
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Anatomy—Levels of Study§ Microscopic Anatomy
§ Very small structures
§ Can only be viewed with a microscope
Figure 14.4c–d
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smoothmuscletissue
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ) Cardio-
vascularsystem
Cellular levelCells are made up of molecules
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells
Organ levelOrgans are made upof different typesof tissues
Organ system levelOrgan systems consist of differentorgans that work together closely
Organismal levelHuman organismsare made up of manyorgan systems
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 1
Molecules
Atoms
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 2
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
AtomsCellular levelCells are made up of molecules
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 3
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smoothmuscletissue
Cellular levelCells are made up of molecules
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 4
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smoothmuscletissue
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ)
Cellular levelCells are made up of molecules
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells
Organ levelOrgans are made upof different typesof tissues
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 5
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smoothmuscletissue
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ) Cardio-
vascularsystem
Cellular levelCells are made up of molecules
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells
Organ levelOrgans are made upof different typesof tissues
Organ system levelOrgan systems consist of differentorgans that work together closely
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Levels of Structural Organization
Figure 1.1, step 6
Smooth muscle cellMolecules
Atoms
Smoothmuscletissue
Epithelialtissue
Smoothmuscletissue
Connectivetissue
Bloodvessel(organ) Cardio-
vascularsystem
Cellular levelCells are made up of molecules
Tissue levelTissues consist ofsimilar types of cells
Organ levelOrgans are made upof different typesof tissues
Organ system levelOrgan systems consist of differentorgans that work together closely
Organismal levelHuman organismsare made up of manyorgan systems
Chemical levelAtoms combine toform molecules
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2a
Organ System Overview§ Integumentary
§ Forms the external bodycovering
§ Protects deeper tissue frominjury
§ Helps regulate body temperature
§ Location of cutaneousnerve receptors
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2b
Organ System Overview§ Skeletal
§ Protects and supportsbody organs
§ Provides muscleattachment for movement
§ Site of blood cellformation
§ Stores minerals
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 1.2c
Organ System Overview§ Muscular
§ Produces movement
§ Maintains posture
§ Produces heat
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview§ Nervous
§ Fast-acting controlsystem
§ Responds to internal andexternal change
§ Activates muscles andglands
Figure 1.2d
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Organ System Overview§ Endocrine
§ Secretes regulatoryhormones
§ Growth
§ Reproduction
§ Metabolism
Figure 1.2e
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