The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass...

The Holocaust: a great or complete devastation or destruction, especially by fire; any mass slaughter or

reckless destruction of life

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1933-1945Historical Context of The Holocaust

1933-1945

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1933-1945

Anti-Semitism

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1933-1945

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1933-19451933

Hitler becomes Chancellor

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1933-1945March 22, 1933

Dachau Concentration Camp

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Dachau Gates

1933-1945April 1, 1933

Boycott of Jewish Businesses

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1933-1945May 10, 1933Book Burnings

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1933-1945Night of the Long Knives

June 30, 1934

"If anyone reproaches me and asks why I did not resort to the regular courts of justice, then all I can say is this: In this hour I was responsible for the fate of the German people, and thereby I became the supreme judge of the German people."

"It was no secret that this time the revolution would have to be bloody; when we spoke of it we called it 'The Night of the Long Knives.' Everyone must know for all future time that if he raises his hand to strike the State, then certain death is his lot."

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1933-1945Sept. 10, 1935

Nuremberg Laws

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1933-1945July 1938

Evian Conference

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1933-1945October 1938Deportations

Begin

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1933-1945November 9, 1938

Kristallnacht-“The Night of the Broken Glass”

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1933-1945Sept. 1, 1939WWII Begins:

Blitzkreig:“Lightning War”

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Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

• “The sole goal of this schooling is to teach them simple arithmetic, nothing above the number 500; writing one’s name; and the doctrine that it is divine law to obey the Germans…I do not think that reading is desirable.”

• --May 1940

Heinrich Himmler on Polish Education

1933-1945October 1939T-4/Euthanasia

Program“Mercy Killing”

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Slide taken from a Nazi propaganda filmstrip, promoting "euthanasia," prepared for the Hitler Youth. The caption says: "Mentally ill Negro (English) 16 years in an institution costing 35,000 RM [Reichsmarks]." __________United States Holocaust Memorial Museum

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1933-1945Summer 1941Killing Squads:Einsatzgruppen

“task forces or intervention groups”

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1933-1945December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor

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1933-1945January 20, 1942Wannsee

Conference

Reinhard Heydrich, chief of SD (Security) Service

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Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

The Jews were seen as a problem to be taken care of, and so the solution to the Jewish problem was the code name of the

Final Solution: To exterminate all Jews from the face of the earth. There were even plans to eliminate all Jews in the United States.

The Final Solution

1933-1945Summer 1942Deportations to

camps and killing centers begin

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

• Concentration Camps-Jews were selected on arrival to either work or be killed in gas chambers.

• Killing Centers were camps with gas chambers where Jews didn’t go through a selection but were killed right away.

Different Kinds of Camps:

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Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Lodz Ghetto Deportation Station

1933-19451942

Camp Life… and Death

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz I Guard Tower

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Entrance

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum

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Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz/Birkenau Gas Chamber

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Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Auschwitz State Museum

1933-1945December 1944Death Marches

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1933-1945January-May

1945: Liberation

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1933-1945April 30, 1945Death of Hitler

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Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Hitler’s Bunker Map

Schaefer’s Personal Collection—Berlin: Above Hitler’s Bunker

1933-1945May 8, 1945Surrender of

Germany

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1933-1945October 18, 1945-October 1, 1946

Nuremberg Trials

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Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

Guilty: 12- sentenced to death; 3- life imprisonment; four- 10-20 years in prison

Innocent: 3 were acquitted

Nuremberg Trial Convictions

1933-1945November 13-

December 14, 1945Dachau Trials

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

Guilty: 40 Nazi war criminals found guilty and sentenced to death by hanging

Innocent: none

Dachau Trial Convictions

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1933-1945May 14, 1948

Israel: A New State

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Hitler’s MEIN KAMPF

6, 000, 000

Number of Jews Murdered:

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Gypsies Murdered:

220, 000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Handicapped Murdered:

200,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Polish People Murdered:

1,900,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Soviet Prisoners of War Murdered:

3, 300, 000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Homosexuals Murdered:

15,000 (estimate only)

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Jehovah’s Witnesses Murdered:

2, 500

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Political Prisoners Murdered:

25,000

Hitler’s MEIN KAMPFNumber of Black Europeans Murdered:

1,000 (estimate)

1933-1945“Only guard yourself and guard your soul carefully, lest you forget the

things your eyes saw, and lest these things depart your heart all the days of your life, and you shall make them known to your children, and to your

children’s children.”Deuteronomy 4:9