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Public Transportation The Growing Need for Systems Thinking
Victorian Transport Working Group
13 February 2018
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 1
Shaun Wilson Chief Executive Officer, Shoal Engineering Pty Ltd
Career systems engineerAerospace, defence, communications, IT, transportationNational and international30 years in advanced technology & complex systems20 years in large-scale system design and project advice
Former SESA PresidentAustralian chapter of International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE)
Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 213 February 2018
Who am I?
Drivers of change
Why are we talking about
systems thinking today?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 3
Anthony Foxx
US Secretary of Transportation
2013 – 2017
Obama Administration
APTA Annual Meeting in October 2015
Vision … using public transportation to
close opportunity gaps in modern society
“Transportation is a pillar of opportunity
like education and health care”
“Addressing connectivity means embracing
new technology”
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 4
Changes in demography
Smaller families moving closer in
“… between 2023 and 2029 couples without children will be the most common family type in Australia.” (ABS)
After ‘emptying out’ in the1960s and 1970s, cities centres are becoming denser again
(A more stark phenomenon in the US than in Australia, but happening here too)
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 5
Changes in public infrastructure
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 6
Changes in technology
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 7
‘Information to the edge’
Changes in connectivity
Seamless multi-modal
“Lyft and Amtrak now let passengers
book rides to and from the train
station”
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 8
Changes in societal expectation
Empowered consumer
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 9
So …
… how should or could we use
investment in public transportation
to close opportunity gaps in
society?
… what design approaches will help
us to deliver what’s needed?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 10
Delivery challenges
Why are we talking about
systems thinking today?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 11
Holistic understanding needed
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 12
Training and awareness
Administrative and logistical
support
Infrastructure, facilities and equipment
Asset Management
Planning, management and
leadership
People and organisations
Safety, security and emergency response
Of individual transportation systems
Systems of systems
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 13
The entire transport network
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 14
Constraints
Verification
Standards
Trade Studies
MOEs COIs Interfaces
Risks
Traceability
Validation
Architecture
DecisionsPerformance
ReviewsChange
Management
Needed Capabilities
Concepts and Specifications
Solution Architecture
Complexity in relationships is often hidden.Inconsistencies result in problems.
Adapted from Vitech Corp. source
Systems thinking
What is it?
What does it really mean?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 15
Systems thinking – Two definitions
“Systems thinking is a management discipline that concerns an understanding of a system by examining the linkages and interactions between the components that comprise the entirety of that defined system.”
The Institute for Systemic Leadership
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 16
“Systems thinking is a world-view that provides the appreciative and reflective practice based on the ‘systems paradigm’ concepts, patterns, etc”
Professor Stephen Cook, Shoal Engineering
Systems methodologies
• Systems Engineering
• Project Management
• Asset Management
• Soft Systems Methodology
• User-Centred Design
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 17
• Strategic planning
• Holistic health practices
• Systems Dynamics Modelling
• Gestalt psychology
• … and others …
Systems Engineering
What is it?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 18
What is Systems Engineering?
“A transdisciplinary approach that applies to systems principles and concepts to enable the successful realization and use of engineered systems and whole-system solutions.”
INCOSE Fellows
Focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle, capturing requirements, then proceeding with design synthesis and system validation while considering the complete problem:• Operations • Cost & schedule• Performance • Training & support• Test • Manufacturing• Disposal
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 19
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 20
??
Verification: Did we build the system right?Validation: Did we build the right system?
Key concept – Lifecycle
Large complex projects may take many years before they are operational
A mechanism for handling risk and change
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 21
Key concept – Early-stage design
Image courtesy New York City Transit
Purpose Development Delivery OperateConcept
20%
40%
60%
Cost
Savin
gs v
s. C
apital B
udget
Upper Savings Range vs. Phase
Lower Savings
Range vs. Phase0%
© Atkins 2011
Upper and Lower
Overrun Avoidance
vs. Phase
Savings in capital cost of 6-18%Reduced overspend of 17-30%
Atkins Limited (for UK Department for Transport). Rail Value for Money Study:
Whole System Programme Management Final Report, May 2011.
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 22
UK rail value-for-money study
Whole-of-life, whole-of-system approach
Related approaches
How else do we design
and manage complex
systems?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 23
User-Centred Design
A systems methodology
The design is based upon an explicit understanding of users, tasks and environments.
Users are involved throughout design and development.
The design is driven and refined by user-centred evaluation.
The process is iterative.
The design addresses the whole user experience.
The design team includes multidisciplinary skills and perspectives.
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 24
Asset Management
How do systems thinking
& engineering relate?
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 25
SE the AM change mechanism
Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 26
©Copyright 2014 Institute of Asset Management (www.theIAM.org/copyright)
Sco
pe
of
Ass
et M
anag
emen
t
Customers Legislation InvestorsCommercial Environment
Organizational Strategic Plan
Organization& People
Strategy & Planning
Asset ManagementDecision Making
Asset Information
Risk & Review
LifecycleDelivery
Lifecycle Delivery- Technical Standards & Legislation- Asset Creation & Acquisition
- Systems Engineering- Configuration Management- Maintenance Delivery- Reliability engineering- Asset Operations- Resource Management- Shutdown & Outage response- Fault & Incident Response- Asset Decommissioning & Disposal
13 February 2018
SE fit in an Enterprise AM context
Project Systems Engineering
Enterprise Systems Engineering
Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 2713 February 2018
Systems thinking – Another view
“Systems thinking is a discipline for seeing wholes. It is a framework for seeing interrelationships rather than things, for seeing ‘patterns of change’ rather than static ‘snapshots.’”
Peter Senge, MIT
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 28
Public Transportation The Growing Need for Systems Thinking
Victorian Transport Working Group
13 February 2018
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 29
13 February 2018 Public transportation – The growing need for systems thinking 30
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