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1 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
The Future State of the Network Richard Goodson
Ken Ko Office of the CTO
Date
2 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Agenda
SDN and NFV
Copper Evolution: FTTdp
Copper Evolution: G.fast
PON Evolution
3 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Understanding Board Level Vectoring
SDN and NFV
4 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Separate the Control Plane from the Forwarding Plane Centralized SDN Controller
– Determines how network devices forward packets – Provides abstract, centralized view of network
Flow Switching – Network devices move packets according to policies/tables from
SDN Controllers – Packets that require special handling sent to SDN Controller for
processing
Benefits – Simplified, centralized management and control – Improved network efficiency – Rapidly deploy new applications & services – Reduce CAPEX & OPEX
Software Defined Networking (SDN)
5 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
SDN Architecture
Application Layer – Applications
communicate with network OS via APIs
Controller Layer – Network OS presents
logical network map to services and applications
– Translates application behaviors to control of infrastructure devices
Infrastructure Layer – Devices forward traffic based on flow table entries from controller
Source: ONF
6 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Network Functions Virtualization (NFV)
NFV focuses on converting network functions (SBC, firewall, DPI, BRAS, etc.) to software applications on a virtual infrastructure
Source: ETSI
7 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Virtualized Network Function – SW implementation of a
network function – May have an EMS – Corresponds to network node
NFV Infrastructure – Provides virtual resources to
support execution of the VNFs – COTS hardware – Accelerator components – Software layer virtualizes and
abstracts underlying hardware
NFV Management and Orchestration – Orchestration and management of infrastructure resources – Management of VNFs; Service Chaining/Network Forwarding
Graphs – Also interacts with (NFV external) OSS/BSS
NFV Architecture (ETSI)
Source: ETSI NVF M&O
VNF
NVFI
Hardware Resources
Orchestrator
Virtualized Infrastructure
Manager
OSS / BSS
Service, VNF & Infrastructure Description
EMS 1 EMS 2 EMS 3
VNF 1 VNF 2 VNF 3
Virtual Compute
Virtual Storage
Virtual Network
Virtualization Layer
Computing Hardware
Storage Hardware
Network Hardware
VNF Managers
8 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
SDN: Separation of control and forwarding planes – Silent on dedicated vs.
virtualized implementation
NFV: Virtualization of network functions – Silent on centralized vs. distributed
control
Two independent technologies – Either can be implemented without
the other, but … – Synergies derived from
using both technologies together
Common attributes – Increased use of SW functions – Increased use of COTS HW – Benefit from open interfaces and standards
SDN and NFV
Open Innovation
Software Defined
Networks
Network Functions
Virtualization
Creates competitive supply of innovative applications by third parties
Creates network abstractions to
enable faster innovation
Reduces CAPEX, OPEX, space and power
consumption Source: ETSI
9 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Early Core Networks: IP Forwarding
IP Forwarding: All network elements exchange routing information across the data plane via dynamic
routing protocols (RIP, OSPF, BGP, IS-IS, etc) and make forwarding decisions on a per-hop basis.
Routing Protocols
Early Days of Core IP Networks
10 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
MPLS Switching in Core Networks
MPLS Switching: IP lookups performed at the edge, switching in the core. Introduced optional control and data
plane separation, but control plane still used mix of dynamic protocols (LDP, I-BGP, OSPF-TE, etc).
LER LER
LSR
Transition to MPLS Switching in Core Networks
11 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Evolution to SDN in Core Networks
SDN Controller Controls how all network elements forward packets. Provides centralized, abstracted view of the overall network. Runs in high-compute data center.
Data Plane Control Plane
Open APIs for config (e.g., NETCONF) and forwarding
(e.g. OpenFlow)
Business and Network Applications (customer portals, topology views, network
applications – QoS monitoring, PM reporting, etc.)
Network Orchestration (coordinates and controls allocation of
all network resources)
Open APIs
Flexibility to introduce new services, reconfigure based on global policy; Global visibility; Reduced OPEX
12 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
SDN Programmable Networks
Nx10/100G DWDM Metro Transport
Enterprise Gateway
The Cloud
RG
CE NID
Service Orchestration
13 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
APIs = Path to Programmable Networks
Billing System
Network Orchestration Layer
Nx10/100G DWDM Metro Transport
Enterprise Gateway
The Cloud
RG
CE NID
Transport & Access NMS (AOE)
ACS Cloud NMS
Activate 1G w/ IPTV
1G w/ IPTV
Activate Home Wi-Fi & STBs
Activate 1G
Activate IGMP, EVCs, QoS,
Traffic Mgmt, etc.
Activate BNG, IPTV
14 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
NFV and the Value of Virtualization
Nx10/100G DWDM Metro Transport
RG
CE NID
WA IDS
FW BNG
CF
DPI
Openstack
Service Orchestration
Billing System
Activate Advanced Business Services
NFV Service Chaining
Enterprise Gateway
Virtualized Network Functions
15 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Instant-On Service Activation
Real-Time Entertainment
Residential Internet
Enterprise Communications
Web Hosting
Small Cell Connectivity
Multi-Site Enterprise Communications
Provisioning Network Services: as Simple as Installing an App
16 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Operator Interest
Key Trends: Operators looking for ways to extend the SDN and NFV benefits of data center technology to residential and enterprise while greatly simplifying the access network
17 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Virtualization and Access Equipment
Virtualization Heat Map
Source: Ericsson
Industry view: NFV is less relevant in Access Expected access direction
– Primary: SDN-based control to support network automation and orchestration
– Secondary: functions that can be virtualized through NFV
Issues in the Access space – Outside plant (e.g., environmental,
power, accessibility) – HW-specific functions (e.g., FTTDP reverse powering) – PHY complexity (e.g., copper, vectoring)
18 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Not a complete listing!
Open Source initiatives – OpenFlow, OpenDaylight, Open vSwitch, OpenStack, ONUG … – Standardization by Open Source Code
Vendor initiatives IETF
– Numerous projects (ForCES, Netconf, Service Chaining …) – SDN Research Group in IRTF
ETSI NFV ISG (Industry Specification Group) – Defined architectural framework, requirements, use cases – Gap analysis; standards recommendations
Broadband Forum – Working Drafts in E2E Architecture WG – Study Documents in SIMR
SDN & NFV Initiatives & Standards
19 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Use Case: Virtualize the Home Environment
Virtualize functions in home devices – RG vRG (aka NERG, BBF WT-317); STB vSTB
Deploy new services & features via SW – Device visibility enables services like Parental Control
Minimize HW upgrades & support
20 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Understanding Board Level Vectoring
Copper Evolution: FTTdp
21 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
The Evolution of Broadband Access
* FttDP from TNO and ITU Q4/SG15 11BM-023
< 20Mbps
< 200kbps
< 200 Mbps
> 1Gbps
22 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Buried cable running down street or near rear
lot boundaries
25 pair binder 25 pair binder
NID NID NID
NID NID
MDU Environment
FTTdp Deployment Models (US)
Individual Drop Cables – Little Crosstalk Coupling
G.fast service unit
GPON or GbE OLT
NID NID
NID
(Partially) Shared Drop Cables – More Crosstalk Coupling
SFU Environment
Fiber cable
DP MDU
23 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Reverse Powering
Deep deployment may mean difficulty getting utility power
In these cases, FTTdp will use “reverse powering” – Subscriber(s) power the DP over existing wires
Challenges: – Reverse powering not yet addressed by regulators – “Fairness” in powering between subscribers – DP must be powered even by single subscriber – DP management lost when all subscribers “off”
G.fast service unit
DP
NID
Power
Service
24 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Provider-Install vs. Self-Install
DP
Ethernet
CPE
Self Install
Ethernet
Provider Install
CPE@ NID
VoIP
G.fast + POTS + rev. pwr.
Provider-install – Can isolate inside wiring from outside plant – Can isolate phone & data wiring – Higher performance – Higher cost (Truck roll)
Self-install – Mail equipment to premises – No-tools install (not even a screwdriver) RJ11-style plugs are allowed ADSL-style dongles are allowed
– Must operate over existing wiring May only have one pair No isolation of inside wiring from outside plant
– Lower performance Noise from existing wiring POTS +reverse powering Bridged taps
– Lower cost
25 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
FTTdp economics are very different than FTTnode or FTTcab – Few subscribers per DP – smaller pool of potential customers – FTTdp saves cost of laying fiber those last few hundred meters to
customer – Most cost effective for DPs to have fixed number of ports (not field
upgradeable) Technician installs DP once – no return visit Customer turn-up process without truck roll – “zero-touch” Self-install important aspect of FTTdp
Bottom line – DP must be very low cost for FTTdp to be economically viable – System must support “zero-touch” turn-up of customers and
customer self-install
Economics of FTTdp
26 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
FTTdp Standards
Broadband Forum – WT-301: Fiber to the Distribution point Use cases and architecture requirements Supports GPON, p2p Eth, and bonded copper backhaul
– WT-318: Management Architecture and Requirements for FttDP
ETSI TM6 – Reverse power spec. Phase 1 expected completion 2H2014. Includes POTS requirements
27 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Understanding Board Level Vectoring
Copper Evolution: G.Fast
28 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
What is G.fast? Answer: Gigabit over Copper
FTTdp is part of an operators Gigabit services tool kit
FTTN / FTTCab
FTTB/ FTTdp
FTTH/ FTTP
Optical Fiber Metallic Cable
< 1,000m
< 150m $
$ $
$ $ $
DSL acceleration technology – DMT-based like VDSL2/ADSL2+ – Uses wider spectrum to achieve
higher rates (106 MHz or 212 MHz) – Very high rate requires very short
copper loops – FTTdp or FTTB
Gigabit service over Copper – Provisionable (a)symmetric rates
Operational considerations – Customer self-install saves cost – Cost per port sensitivity due to distributed, low density solution
(<16 ports; FTTdp deployed) – VDSL2 and G.fast co-existence consideration – Reverse power saves install cost
29 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Two ways to divide total capacity between upstream and downstream:
– ADSL/VDSL: Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) Each frequency band assigned to upstream or downstream (not both) Both directions transmit at same time
– G.fast: Time Division Duplexing (TDD) Full frequency band used in both directions Transmission alternates in time between upstream and downstream “Gbps rate” split between upstream and downstream
Duplexing
Frequency (MHz)
DS US DS US DS US DS US
Time (usec) 0 750 1500 2250 3000
… …
30 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Crosstalk is a limiting factor in many DSL deployments – G.fast uses “vectoring” to cancel crosstalk – available on “day 1”
Upstream and downstream G.fast transmission times must be coordinated among all transceivers in binder – Otherwise, near end crosstalk from one transceiver would product
NEXT into another transceiver
G.fast spectrum should be separated from other services in binder – E.g. if VDSL2 from cabinet in same binder
Crosstalk increases at higher frequencies – efficiency of vectoring may be lower for G.fast than VDSL2 – G.fast has ability to do “crosstalk avoidance” or discontinuous
operation
Crosstalk and Spectral Compatibility
31 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Spectral Compatibility
Node Exchange Home Distribution Point (dp)
VDSL2 &
G.fast
Vectored VDSL2
Launched Here
G.fast Launched
Here VDSL2
17 Frequency (MHz)
VDSL 17a Transmit Spectrum
Line 2
17 Frequency (MHz)
G.fast Transmit Spectrum
Line 3
106
Crosstalk 106 Crosstalk
17 Frequency (MHz)
VDSL 17a Transmit Spectrum
Line 1
106 Crosstalk
17 Frequency (MHz)
G.fast Transmit Spectrum
Line 4
106
Crosstalk
32 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Single Line Performance
33 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Standards and availability timeline
Commercial G.fast coming in 2016
Milestone Date Consented standard YE 2013 Approved standard 2H 2014 Proto chipset availability Mid 2014 Proto solution availability 2H 2014 GA chipset availability YE 2014 Field and inter-op trials 2015 Commercial deployment 2016
G.fast PSD (G.9700) approved G.fast PHY/TC (G.9701)
consented December 2013 – Functional, but not full features – Comment resolution should be
completed end of 2014
34 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
Understanding Board Level Vectoring
PON Evolution: XGPON1 & NGPON2
35 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
PON Evolution (GPON Family)
GPON – 2.5G downstream, 1.25G upstream – Widely deployed today
XGPON1 – 10G downstream, 2.5G upstream – Wavelength compatible with GPON – Only trial deployments to date – TDM-PON technology (same as GPON)
– NGPON2 – 4-8 λs of TDM-PON (TWDM) 10/10, 10/2.5, 2.5/2.5
– 40-60 km reach / 1:256 split ratio – ONTs require tunable receive filters and tunable
lasers – Standard finalized in 2014 – WDM overlay for special requirements (CPRI)
NGPON2
+
4-8 TDM PON λs
WDM Overlay λs
=
36 ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
NGPON2 Example Use Case: Multiple service types on same fiber
Ethernet Service (pt2pt)
Residential SFU and MDU Solutions
(TWDM)
Mobile Fronthaul (pt2pt)
Dedicate wavelength to each high value business customer (pt2pt) All residential services could share same wavelength (TWDM)
Power Splitter
(color-less)
ADTRAN Company Confidential ® Adtran, Inc. 2014 All rights reserved
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