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The Future of Librarians in the Workforce:
Status of Academic Libraries
American Libraries Association Annual Conference June 27, 2008
Anaheim, California
José-Marie Griffiths, Dean and Professor Donald W. King, Distinguished Research Professor
School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic library
surveys• Number of academic libraries and size
of library staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes
workers outside of the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
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Six Academic Library Surveys
• General survey (n=904)• Staff survey (n=1,754)• Detailed operations survey (n=173)• User services survey (n=182)• Functions performed by in-library staff
survey (n=190)• Librarian competency survey (n=195)
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic
library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of
library staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes workers
outside of the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
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General Survey Topics• Population served - size and trend• Physical visits - number and trend• Remote visits to website - number and
trend• Visits to library databases - number and
trend• Current number of employees by type
(MLS, professionals, para- professionals, unpaid)
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General Survey Topics continued
• Current and 5-years-ago number of professionals in departments
• Number of MLS librarians who left in the past year, and for each the reason they left, age, gender and position filled
• Total annual wages and expenditures and trend
• Cooperative arrangements• Parent staff support
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and
size of library staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes workers
outside of the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
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Number of Academic Libraries• NCES
• 2000 3,683• 2002 3,964• 2004 3,889
• American Library’s Directory (ALD)• 2002-03 3,480• 2007-08 3,749
• Used ALD numbers because sample drawn from 3,749 academic libraries (ALD)• 2007 n=904 libraries
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Number of Academic MLS Librarians
• NCES full-time equivalent (FTE) librarians• 2000 25,170• 2002 25,881• 2005 25,935• 2007 (projected): 26,015 FTE librarians• 2007 (adjusted): 24,338 FTE MLS
• Survey headcount (HC)• 9-month (10.18%):
• 2,002 FTE MLS• 5,179 HC MLS
• 12-month (89.82%):• 21,626 FTE MLS• 23,840 HC MLS
• TOTAL: 29,019 HC MLS
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Changes in Staffing Patterns 2002-2007
Staff (Headcount) 2002 2007Change
(%)Librarian MLS (accredited school)
25,494 29,019 +13.8
Professional in librarian capacity
1,750 2,033 +16.2
Professional in other capacity
3,105 4,080 +31.4
Paraprofessional librarian 27,484 29,572 +7.6
Non-professional 21,637 23,040 +6.5
TOTAL PAID STAFF 79,471 87,744 `+10.4
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of library
staff
• Future need for academic librarians
• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes workers
outside of the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
13
Future Need for New Academic Librarians (MLS)
2007 2012 2017Current Number 29,019 ---- ----
Current Remaining ---- 20,480 14,954
Expected Number ---- 33,039 37,593
Required Need ---- 12,559 22,639
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Steps to Calculate Need for New Academic Librarians (MLS)
• Estimate disposition of current librarians– Establish current age and gender– Subtract expected number who die or
become ill– Subtract expected number who will retire– Do not include those who go to another
library– Subtract expected number who leave for
other reasons– Add expected number who had left but come
back– Advance the librarian’s age each year– Recalculate the disposition for each year
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Steps to Calculate Need for New Academic Librarians (MLS) continued
• Estimate expected number of academic librarians (MLS)– Establish trend in number of libraries– Establish trend in average number of
librarians per library– Estimate expected number of MLS academic
librarians• Subtract disposition of current librarians
from expected number
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Total MLS librarians: 29,019
Number who left: 2,325
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of library
staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes workers
outside of the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
2222
User Services Survey• Whether provided now and 5 years ago• Level of service• Trend in level of service• 11 types of access to library collection• 4 types of access to external collections• Interlibrary lending, borrowing and
document delivery• 11 types of reference and research• 4 types of formal user training• Access to 6 types of library resources
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Current average: 49,404 faculty per library
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Detailed Operations Survey• Detailed expenditures and trends• Detailed services and trends• Detailed collection data and trends• Education and training data and trends• Detailed fringe benefits
– Paid time off: holidays, sick leave, vacation, etc.
– Value-added compensation: retirement, insurance programs, parking, dues, etc.
– Other benefits: child care, flexible hours, recognition, compensatory time, etc.
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• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of library
staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes
workers outside of the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
Topics Covered
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Survey of Functions Performed by In-Library Staff
and Others• Whether performed now and 5 years
ago• Proportion performed by in-library staff
now and 5 years ago• 15 types of operations/technical
services• 15 types of user services• 8 types of support functions
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• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of
library staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes workers
outside of the library
• Description of academic librarians – accredited MLS
• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
Topics Covered
4141
Staff Survey Topics• Position in library - librarian, other
professional, etc.• Department assigned - administrative,
user services, etc.• Degree and year• Level at employment - director,
department head, etc.• Salary or wage• Ratings of satisfaction with salary,
fringe benefits, type of work
4242
Staff Survey Topics continued
• Fringe benefits available, received and who pays
• Professional affiliations• Recent formal education or training• Career paths - previous experience,
degree, after degree• How well education prepared for initial
assignment, current position
4343
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Hispanic or Latino: 2.0%
4646
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of library staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• academic libraries workforce includes workers outside
of the library• Description of academic librarians
• Librarian career paths• Implications for library education
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Topics Covered• Description of six academic library surveys• Number of academic libraries and size of library staff• Future need for academic librarians• Trends in services• Academic libraries workforce includes workers outside of
the library• Description of academic librarians• Librarian career paths
• Implications for librarian education
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Survey of Librarian Competencies
• Whether competencies are applicable to library now and 5 years ago
• Rating of importance of competencies and trends
• 9 operations/technical services competencies• 11 user services competencies and trends• 10 management/administration competencies• 5 technology/systems and 5 digital library
management competencies• 9 general professional librarian competencies
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Acknowledgements• Web-based surveys were conducted by the University
of Pittsburgh, University Center for Social and Urban Research, under the direction of Scott Beach
• Survey director is Robert Keene, UCSUR
• Data analysis by Songphan Choemprayong, Graduate Student, School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
• Presentation graphics and charts by Kathleen J. McClatchey, Senior Research Associate, School of Information and Library Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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José-Marie Griffiths, PhD Dean and Professor Donald W. King
Distinguished Research Professor
• School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• Email: jmgriff@unc.edu, dwking@unc.edu• phone: (919)962-8366
fax: (919)962-8071 • Mail:
School of Information and Library Science University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB #3360100 Manning Hall, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3360
• http://www.libraryworkforce.org
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