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From Software to Infoware Tim O’Reilly O’Reilly Media, Inc. www.oreilly.com W3C Tenth Anniversary December 1, 2004. "The future is here. It's just not evenly distributed yet." --William Gibson. Desktop Application Stack. Proprietary Software. (Control by API). System Assembled from - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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From Software to Infoware
Tim O’Reilly
O’Reilly Media, Inc.www.oreilly.com
W3C Tenth AnniversaryDecember 1, 2004
"The future is here. It's just not evenly distributed yet."
--William Gibson
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(Control by API)
Desktop ApplicationStack
Proprietary Software
Hardware Lock In
System Assembled fromCommodity Hardware Components
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Free and Open Source Software
Cheap Commodity PCs
Intel Inside
Infoware: Data-Rich,Proprietary Software as Service
Lock In by Network Effects
Data Lock In
Integration of CommoditySoftware Components
Internet ApplicationStack
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The New "Killer Apps"
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What Makes Them Interesting To Me
• The Internet, not the PC, is their platform
• Built on top of open source, but not themselves open source
• Services, not packaged applications
• Exploring how to become platform players via web services APIs
• Data aggregators, not just software
• Network effects from user contributions key to market dominance
• The most successful are “semantic learning systems”, leveraging implicit metadata
Yahoo! Directory
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Google Search
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Listening to Napster (and Open Source)
• Three ways to build a collective database:– Pay people to organize (Yahoo!)– Ask volunteers to do it (Open Directory)– Architect for participation (Napster, Linux, the
WWW)
• Setting defaults for what is shared the most important architectural decision in software development today!
Listening to Google
• Storage is cheap - save everything
• Algorithms are powerful - leverage implicit relationships between data items
• In a world of information richness, close is good enough, serendipity is added value
• Leverage the “architecture of participation” implicit in the web
Amazon - JavaScript
BN - JavaScript
Listening to Amazon
• There’s more than one way to do it! – Leverage both implicit and explicit metadata
• Build an “architecture of participation” by constant small invitations
MapQuest
Navteq
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Listening to MapQuest
• Didn’t build an architecture in which user participation enriched source data
• Ended up without dominant position - three vendors (AOL, Yahoo!, Microsoft) tracking portal share
• Control went to data supplier (NavTeq) - the “Intel Inside”
• NavTeq in turn vulnerable to new data supplier using an implicit metadata strategy, with enrichment by telematics, cell phones, GPS-enabled cameras
Microsoft research photomap
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Social Networking - Orkut
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Microsoft Wallop
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Microsoft Wallop 2
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Dashboard (Nat’s)
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Listening to Social Networks
• Rethink the address book for the age of the internet
• Loads of implicit metadata in email, IM, phone usage
• Standards needed for FOAF permissioning, not FOAF network building - that should be implicit in architecture of communications applications!
Flickr Tagging
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CiteULike
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Key Lessons
• Setting defaults for aggregated data is the most important architectural decision in software development today! Enrichment by user activity should be implicit - applications as learning systems
• Standards should be minimal, encouraging modularity, interoperability, and innovation from the edge
“I’m an inventor. I became interested in long term trends because an invention has to make sense in the world in which it is finished, not the world in which it is started.”
-Ray Kurzweil
For more information
http://tim.oreilly.com/opensource
http://conferences.oreilly.com/etech
http://www.oreillynet.com
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