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The French Revolution Begins. Motto of the French Revolution: “United in a Republic: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death”. King Louis XVI had a Problem . . . . NO MONEY!!! No taxes on peasants because they‘d revolt Besides, they didn’t have more money! Called Estates General to meet - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The French Revolution Begins
Motto of the French Revolution: “United in a Republic:
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity or Death”
King Louis XVI had a Problem . . . NO MONEY!!!
No taxes on peasants because they‘d revolt
Besides, they didn’t have more money!
Called Estates General to meetConvention of 3 estates,
to advise kingLast called in 1614King told estates what to
talk aboutMajority of estates vote =
binding
Louis XVI
Meeting of the Estates-General Since 1614,
bourgeoisie had gained power, $$$
Instead of considering new tax demand of king, the 3rd Estate challenged way decisions were made at meetingWanted one big
meeting, each delegate with 1 vote
King rejected idea Third estate declared
itself the National Assembly, took Tennis Court Oath
1st and 2nd Estates ridingOn the backOf the 3rd
Estate
Storming of the Bastille, July 14, 1789
Louis XVI sent troops to disperse National Assembly
Parisian poor reacted by attacking Bastille prisonPrison a symbol of king’s
authority7 prisoners released
Nobles across the country FLED!!!
National Assembly Reforms August 1789: NA
abolished feudalism Published Declaration of
Rights of ManDefined rights of all
estatesTransition to constitutional
monarchy 1790: Confiscated
church lands 1790: Introduced paper
moneyCaused high inflation
Establishment of Constitutional Monarchy
King Louis XVI, family attempted to escape France
Captured at eastern border of France
Returned to Paris and forced to sign a new Constitution in Sept. 1791, sharing power with Nat’l Assembly
Louis XVI and family are returned to Paris
Wars of RevolutionJacobins (radical
revolutionaries) began taking over NA
King, moderate NA declared war on Austria and PrussiaKing figured war
would make him popular, get rid of power sharing
NA wanted to export revolution
End of Monarchy (and Louis XVI)
French forces got beat, badly (lost parts of France!)
August 1792: Jacobins arrest king
Sept. 21, 1792 – monarchy abolished, republic declaredLegislative power to NAExecutive power to
Committee of Public Safety
January 21, 1793: King Louis XVI sentenced to death (361-360)
King’s execution led to more wars with European countries, appalled atexecution of King
The Revolution Goes Radical France, on the brink
Execution of Louis XVI led to war between France and Austria, HRE, Great Britain, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, French Royalists, Italian states
InflationSans culottes (poor
laborers), Jacobins riot
Anti-revolution movements start
Robespierre and the Committee of Public Safety
Jacobins seize power, led by Robespierre Follower of Rousseau Bourgeoisie lawyer Head of CPS
Unleashed “the Terror” About 40,000 people were
executed under the guillotine for “counter-revolutionary activities”
Effort by Jacobins to replace French traditions w/ revolutionary ones
CPS saved revolution (levee en masse, internal repression)
Rise of the Directoire Eventually, Robespierre
ordered most radical and moderate Jacobins executed (no legislative, popular support)
July 27, 1794: Robespierre arrested by moderates, tried, and executed July 28
1795: New constitution written (Directory – 5 person executive)
Rise of Napoleon Army suppressed
serious royalist coup attempt, 1795Napoleon led troops
vs. royalists, in Paris“Whiff of grapeshot”
dispersed royalists (1400 dead)
Napoleon promoted, hailed as hero of Rev.
Successes of the Directory 1795: French armies
conquered Netherlands
1796-98: Napoleon conquered Italy, the Papal States1798: Imprisoned
popeConfiscated church
lands in Italy Attempted invasion of
Ireland 1799: Napoleon’s
coup to take over government
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