The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War” (1754 – 1763)

The French and Indian War, a.k.a “Seven Years War”

(1754 – 1763)The Birth of American Resistance to British

rule

Blue: Great Britain, Prussia, Portugal, with alliesGreen: France, Spain, Austria, Russia, Sweden with allies

France’s Empire-French areas of colonization

-St. Lawrence River Valley,

-Quebec,

- Great Lakes,

-Louisiana

-Interest in trading not colonizing

-better relationship with Indians

-English colonists want to expand into Ohio River Valley

France’s Empire

-Indians resist and ally with French

-Old rivalry with Britain

-multiple wars fought between French and English in past centuries

-1754 conflict ignites again as French begin building forts near Virginia border

French and Indian War

-Virginia Gov’t sends George Washington led militia against the French• Washington lost Battle of Fort

Necessity – forced to surrender and return to VA in disgrace

-The French and Indian allies won many early battles• Battle of Fort Duquesne

-However, the tide of the conflict changed after the British seize Louisbourg (1758), Quebec (1759), and Montreal (1760)

http://youtu.be/9rnDj0QpfmY- Victory at Quebec finally gave the

British control of the region

• turning point of the conflict

Portrait of George Washington – Charles Willson PealeThe earliest authenticated portrait of George Washington shows him wearing his colonel's uniform of the Virginia Regiment from the French and Indian War.

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Battle of Fort Duquesne, 1755

French and Indian War-Albany Plan of Union

7 colonies debate forming central government

“Join or Die” – Benjamin Franklin in Poor Richard’s Almanac – the 1st political cartoon

Proposed a central govt. with power to tax and raise army for “common defense” against French and Indians

Plan rejected over issue of taxation

Set precedent for future Continental Congress formed to unify colonies against Britain

French and Indian War

Treaty of Paris of 1763• France lost all lands in

America• Britain gains Canada; French

settlement of Montreal and Quebec remain French today

• Spain ceded Florida to Britain; received French land west of Miss. River (Louisiana) in return for Fla.

Opposing Views of British and Americans

► British views Low opinion of colonial

military effort► Poorly trained► “Disorderly rabble”

Colonies didn’t do their fair share► Some colonies refused to

contribute troops or money for war effort

Proclamation of 1763 was necessary ► Protection of colonial

empire► Inability to pay for troops

to protect settlers► Forced colonists to pay for

protection in frontier

► American views Proud of military

contributions►Gained confidence they

could defend themselves Unimpressed with British

troops or leadership► “Old” methods of warfare

were outdated and not suited for densely wooded terrain

► Americans learned British weaknesses and vulnerabilities

Proclamation of 1763 began string of violations of colonial liberties and tradition of representative government► Americans had fought and

died for right to settle in west

► American defiance set tone for revolutionary resistence

Problems after the War

•War left British govt. in huge debt

•Indians in the Ohio Valley revolt against British forts and American settlers

•conflicts were becoming costly for Britain

•Proclamation of 1763• stated that colonists could

not cross the Appalachian Mtns.

• Colonists ignored the law and continued to provoke Indians

• Ended Period of Salutary Neglect

What if the administration of Butler High School decided the new “electronic device” policy would be revoked, and from now on there would be no cell phone use between classes or at lunch?

How would you feel?

Describe how this is similar to how the relationship between Great Britain and the American colonies changed from 1607 to 1776?

Complete p. 30 – “Immediate Causes of the American Revolution”

Tensions Build

-British heavily in debt because of war

-standing British Army in the colonies

-Trading restrictions established to levy duties (taxes) on certain products

-smugglers avoid paying taxes

Tensions Build

-writs of assistance

-Sugar Act (1764)

affected merchants and traders

-protests began against taxation without representation

James Otis: Called for cooperation among the colonies. This led to the so-called “Stamp Act Congress” (only colonials can tax colonials)

Stamp Act

-Parliament passes Stamp Act (1765)

-placed a direct tax on the colonists

-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards

-affected many colonists rich and poor

-Quartering Act, 1765

Stamp Act

-Parliament passes Stamp Act

-placed a direct tax on the colonists

-required stamp on all legal documents, newspapers, license, and cards

-affected many colonists rich and poor

-Quartering Act, 1765

Resistance-Sons of LibertyBostonSamuel AdamsJohn Adams

-no taxation w/o representation

-protests and boycotts were organized

-stamp agents were harassed

-law eventually repealed

Resistance-Sons of LibertyBostonSamuel AdamsJohn Adams

-no taxation w/o representation

-protests and boycotts were organized

-stamp agents were harassed

-law eventually repealed

Resistance-Sons of LibertyBostonSamuel AdamsJohn Adams

-no taxation w/o representation

-protests and boycotts were organized

-stamp agents were harassed

-law eventually repealed

Townshend Acts

-new tax placed on imports such as tea, glass, paper, paint

-colonists again reacted with protests

-British reacted by sending more troops

Boston Massacre-March 1770

-protests by colonists

-British troops fire on crowd

-5 colonists killedCrispus Attucks

-Most soldiers found not guiltyJohn Adams served as attorney for the soldiers

DBQ – Albany Plan for Union► pp. 38-41 AMSCO Exam

Prep book► Read the three provided

documents and answer the “Analyzing The Documents” Questions 1-3

► For #3 instead of writing an essay: Write a thesis statement

agreeing or disagreeing with the statement provided

Identify at least one reason from each of the 3 documents that support your thesis.

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