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The evolution of Public Safety Communications in Europe: Communications in Europe:
the results from the FP7 HELP
project
Gianmarco Baldini
Joint Research Centre – European Commission
Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen on behalf of the consortium of the FP7 HELP project
Disclaimer: The views expressed are those of the authors and cannot be regarded as stating an official position of the European
Commission.
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Partners•Coordinator: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Spain) -• British Association of Public-Safety Communications Officers (UK)• Cassidian (formerly EADS Defence & Security) (France)• DataX Sp. z.o.o. (Poland)
Small Coordinate and Support Action (CSA) project:
Started February 2011 - Ended July 2012
FP7 HELP project
• DataX Sp. z.o.o. (Poland)• Joint Research Center (Italy)
plus
an Operator Advisory Board
and
an User Advisory Board
Focus on enhancing Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR) communications
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FP7 HELP project
Major challenges of nowadays PPDR wireless communications systems in emergency and disaster relief scenarios:
• Lack of broadband• Lack of proper technology (high peak bit rate)• Lack of dense network deployment (for a given available power level the cell
range is reduced as the bit rate is increased)• Lack of sufficient spectrum (or more efficient usage of it)• Lack of sufficient spectrum (or more efficient usage of it)
• Lack of capacity• Lack of proper technology (high bit/s/Hz)• Lack of dense network deployment • Lack of sufficient spectrum (or more efficient usage of it)
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FP7 HELP project
Unfortunately, disasters and emergencies are usually unpredictable in time, space and scale
Unfortunately, budget constraints apply to the design & deployment of PPDR communication networks
In an ideal world, PPDR can have unlimited spectrum and budget
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ENHANCED CAPABILITIES
THORUGH SPECTRUM SHARING
ENHANCED
1) To define a solution framework –based on
“network sharing” and “spectrum sharing”
principles- for public safety communications able to
FP7 HELP project objectives
In a non-ideal context, FP7 project propones a solution framework which strengthen the role and commitment of commercial wireless infrastructures in the provision of
public safety communications.
ENHANCED CAPABILITIES
THOUGH NETWORK SHARING
CORE PUBLIC SAFETY
NETWORK CAPABILITIES
principles- for public safety communications able to
exploit and properly coordinate available wireless
communications systems in an incident zone.
2) To identify the required operational and
management features and related functionalities of
the established communications framework to
achieve a synergic and holistic operation of the
diverse wireless infrastructures.
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FP7 HELP main pillars
Adoption of Long Term Evolution (LTE) for Public Safety
Short Term/Medium Term
Network Sharing among various mobile networks
Medium Term/Long Termmobile networks
(commercial and public safety networks)
Spectrum Sharing Long Term
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FP7 HELP Network Sharing
LTE and legacy 3G LTE and legacy 3G Legacy PMR network
PPDR core infrastructure
(service platforms, control rooms)
PPDR core infrastructure
(service platforms, control rooms)
PPDR domain Commercial domain
LTE and legacy 3G
commercial
network(s)
LTE and legacy 3G
commercial
network(s)
LTE dedicated PS
network(s)
LTE dedicated PS
network(s)
Legacy PMR network
(e.g. TETRA,
TETRAPOL, P25)
Legacy PMR network
(e.g. TETRA,
TETRAPOL, P25)
PMR/LTE
multimode UE
Group
callAccess to
PPDR services
Group
communications
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FP7 HELP System Architecture
Control Room
Applications
User
Management
Priority
Access
Management
Service
Management
MME
S-GW
Commercial LTE-
based PMN(s)
Core infrastructure
USIM
PPDR terminal
Rx Sp
S6d
S8eNB
Dispatch position(s)
API interfaces
LTE Uu
Legacy PSN
S1-MME
S1-U
Netw
ork
Manag
em
ent
Syste
m(N
MS
)
P-GW
HSS
PCRF
Rx
SPR
Private IP
network
USIM
Application clients
Application Servers
IMS Functions
AF
AF
Rx
Gx
Sp
MME
S-GW
Dedicated LTE-based PSN
eNB
PCEF
Ne
two
rks &
Te
rmin
als
Ma
na
ge
me
nt in
terf
ace
s
S5
S6a
LTE Uu*
Legacy PSN (e.g. TETRA, TETRAPOL networks)
Legacy PSN
radio
interface
GWFunctions
Interfaces to
legacy PSNs
S1-U
S1-MME
BS
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FP7 HELP Priority Access
Control room
systems
Priority access
policy
•Supported as a
realisation of the
3GPP Multimedia
Priority Service (MPS)
•Based on the control
of the QoS
parameters of
Decision-making logic
for priority access considering:
•User identity and role
•Service type
•Location/Time of
usage
•Type of incident•Network used
QoS settings for
connections
PPDR users’ connections
Citizen’s connectionsTotal capacity
parameters of
connections (i.e. ARP,
QCI, GBR, MBR).
Supports pre-emption.
•Mix of automated
system (i.e. pre-
defined policies) but
enabling human
intervention (i.e. crisis
specific policies)
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The FP7 project HELP investigated the following spectrum sharing approaches:
1. Dynamic transfer of exclusive rights of use, where spectrum access is restricted to the user
that holds the spectrum rights of use but these rights can be exchanged among different
users for a limited time or a limited space. This option embraces also the concept of Licensed
Shared access (LSA) where users are granted rights to utilise parts of a given spectrum
band in spatial or time domain that are unused by an incumbent user, upon agreed terms
and conditions defined with the incumbent.
FP7 HELP Spectrum Sharing
2. Secondary access sharing models, where a primary user holds exclusive rights of use for a
given spectrum band (i.e. licensee) but secondary users can access the spectrum in an
opportunistic whenever the primary user is not disturbed.
3. Collective use of spectrum (CUS), where a number of independent users and/or devices are
authorised to use the same range of frequencies at the same time and in a particular geographic
area under a well-defined set of conditions. This could useful for tactical networks in the field.
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FP7 HELPLicensed Spectrum Access (LSA)
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FP7 HELPTechno-economic analysis
Some items considered in the economic benefits/analysis:
• Leveraging economies of scale associated with commercial technologies
• Cost considerations for the deployment of dedicated public safety networks
Commercial RRH
Commercial Base Band
Unit
Fiber optic and power cable
Coax cables
Cross Pole Antennas
Diplexer
Public Safety RRH
(& TMA)
Fiber optic cable
Public Safety Base Band
Unit
networks
• Cost savings by infrastructure sharing
• Cost saving by network capacity sharing
• Economic impact of priority access in Mobile Networks
• General considerations on spectrum costs
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FP7 HELPTechno-economic analysis: Benefits
The results of the techno-economic analysis show that the proposed solutions:
• improve the communications and operational capabilities of public safety users in the field: greater capacity, coverage, resilience.
• produce significant savings for government and taxpayers.
• provide more support for more sophisticated applications (as in the commercial domain)
• increase customer base for commercial telecom operators.
• increase of market size for public safety domain: handheld, communication equipment.
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Security Research Programme of the European Commission
Many projects have been financed by the European Commission in the security domain:
• The EULER project applied Software Defined Radio (SDR) technology to mitigate the lack of
interoperability in joint military and public safety operational scenarios.
• The FP7 DITSEF will provide a self-organising, robust ad-hoc communications networks with
location information, which can be used in critical infrastructures and indoor environments.
• The FP7 INFRA project has the objective to research and develop novel technologies for personal
digital support systems, as part of an integral and secure emergency management system to support
First Responders (FR) in crises occurring in Critical Infrastructures (CI) under all circumstances.
Beyond the single FP7 projects, the European Commission DG ENTERPRISE has strongly supported
an integrated policy for the security industry at European level.
The Commission considers that the development of 'hybrid standards', i.e. standards that apply both
to civil security and defence technologies, should be actively pursued in areas where technologies are
the same and application areas are very similar.
One example is the recent mandate on the Standardization of Reconfigurable Radio Systems in the
commercial, civil security and military domains.
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Conclusions
1. Allowing the interoperability with legacy technologies (e.g. TETRA), Project HELP solution
framework lets the PPDR community start a smooth process of migration, based on coexistence of
both technologies.
2. Sharing of the infrastructure lets PPDR community optimise or reconsider the need and time line of
investment processes, adequately to the scale of the budget, balancing between OPEX and
CAPEX.
3. Spectrum sharing techniques will allow for more efficient distribution of spectral resources between
PPDR and other users.
4. Using equipment developed for the mass market instead of niche products (e.g. TETRA based
solutions) PPDR users will profit from the economy of scale and high competition between vendors.
5. The proposed solutions can rely at a great extent on current standards and on-going standardisation
efforts, though further standardisation progress is desirable in the context of network management
capabilities (e.g. SON) and protocols for dynamic spectrum management.
6. Implementation of selected Project HELP results require regulatory actions especially in the area of
Spectrum sharing.
7. Telecom Operators can gain new markets and classes of users in comparison to the existing
context.
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