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The European Bitumen Association
Eurobitume perspectives on bitumen manufacture and specification
• Mike Southern
• Technical Director, Eurobitume
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The European Bitumen Association
Presentation overview
• Eurobitume overview
• Bitumen consumption in NL
• Bitumen manufacture
• Regulatory framework
• Bitumen specifications
• Summary
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The European Bitumen Association
Members represent a majority of
European bitumen producers
A balance between Members’ input and
a small permanent structure
We are the industry voice
- influencing today and the future
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The European Bitumen Association
COMPANY
MEMBERS
TODAY
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The European Bitumen Association
PURPOSE OF EUROBITUME
Promote the efficient, economic, effective and safe use of refined bitumen in road, industrial and building applications
Provide clarity on technical, health and safety issues
Create a positive environment for sustained bitumen demand based on the highest standards of performance
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The European Bitumen Association
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
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The European Bitumen Association
PR
COMMUNICATIONCOMMITTEE
AND
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The European Bitumen Association
HEALTH, SAFETY
ENVIRONMENTCOMMITTEE
AND
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The European Bitumen Association
• Eurobitume central office Brussels
• Eurobitume local representations
("Local Initiatives")
STRUCTURE OF EUROBITUME
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The European Bitumen Association
Bitumen Consumption - NL
Source: European Bitumen Consumption 2014, Eurobitume (317kt)
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The European Bitumen Association
Bitumen Manufacture
Vacuum Distillation
Both CAS numbers
may be used
Schematic courtesy of: IS-230, The Bitumen industry: A Global Perspective; Eurobitume & Asphalt Institute
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The European Bitumen Association
Bitumen Manufacture
De-asphalting
Schematic courtesy of: IS-230, The Bitumen industry: A Global Perspective; Eurobitume & Asphalt Institute
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The European Bitumen Association
Bitumen Manufacture
Thermal Cracking
Schematic courtesy of: IS-230, The Bitumen industry: A Global Perspective; Eurobitume & Asphalt Institute
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The European Bitumen Association
Bitumen Manufacture
Air-Rectification & Oxidation
Schematic courtesy of: IS-230, The Bitumen industry: A Global Perspective; Eurobitume & Asphalt Institute
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The European Bitumen Association
Regulatory Framework
• REACH (REGULATION (EC) No 1907/2006)
– Requires all CHemical substances to be;
• Registered;
• Evaluated, and, if necessary;
• Authorised
– Compliance checked by the European Chemicals Agency
– All bitumen substances have been registered
• Substance cannot be used if it isn’t registered!
• Manufacturer/Importer must demonstrate safety in use
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The European Bitumen Association
Regulatory Framework• Construction Products Regulation (Regulation (EU) No
305/2011)
– Establishes ‘Basic Requirements’
• Mechanical resistance and stability
• Safety in case of fire
• Hygiene, health and the environment
• Safety and accessibility in use
• Protection against noise
• Energy economy and heat retention
• Sustainable use of natural resources
– The BRs must be incorporated into harmonised standards
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The European Bitumen Association
How to build a specification
• Identify a Characteristic relevant to the performance of the construction
product
• Determine a Property relating to that Characteristic
• Develop a Test Method to measure the Property
• Establish an acceptable Limit or Range for the Property
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The European Bitumen Association
Bitumen Specifications
• EN 12591:2009
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The European Bitumen Association
The Bitumen Test Data Chart
The Heukelom Bitumen Test Data Chart is shown courtesy of Shell International Petroleum Co Ltd
Penetration Range
Softening Point Range
Dynamic Viscosity
Kinematic Viscosity
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The European Bitumen Association
Other considerations
Adhesion
– Complex interfacial phenomenon
– Involves (at least!) two different materials
– Studied by a CEN Ad-hoc group and reported in 2009
• Most ‘adhesion’ tests do not measure adhesion
– Mostly measuring kinetic aspects of disbonding
– Aggregate type is very important
– Binder viscosity often dictates the result
• Testing at a specified temperature may not take into account differences in binder
viscosity
• No ‘simple’ test method available to measure adhesion at present
– Unlikely that one will emerge in the near future
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The European Bitumen Association
Other considerations…
Long Term Ageing (LTA)
• Several conditioning regimes available;
– Rotating Flask Test (RFT: EN 12607 – 3)
– Rotating Cylinder Ageing Test (RCAT: EN 15323)
– Pressure Ageing Vessel (PAV: EN 14769)
• Ageing is not a property, it is a conditioning process
– Need to identify a property relevant for the aged binder
• BBR stiffness?
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The European Bitumen Association
Other considerations…
• Performance Related Specifications
– Eurobitume Data Collection Project
• Compared empirical test methods with functional test methods
• Empirical Test methods correlate very well with functional test methods
for Paving bitumens
• Eurobitume position is that simple tests are performance related for
rheologically simple binders
– More complex required tests for rheologically complex binders
• EN 14023 under revision in 2016
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The European Bitumen Association
Summary
• European legislation (REACH) limits the substances that may be
used to manufacture bitumen
• European legislation (CPR) requires that specifications address
important performance criteria;
– Low service temperature property
– Intermediate service temperature property
– Elevated service temperature property
– Mixing & handling properties
– Short Term Ageing
• Retained penetration
• Change in Softening Point
– Safety in use
• Flash point
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