The “Era of Good Feelings” APUSH – Mr. Hesen. New Nationalism Americans feel new sense of...

The “Era of Good Feelings”APUSH – Mr. Hesen

New NationalismAmericans feel new sense of NATIONALISM– Causes

• “Victories” in War of 1812• Death of Federalist Party• Decline of economic and political dependence on Europe• Westward expansion and optimism• Americans saw themselves as AMERICANS!

New Lands– New states in the West (IN and IL) and in South (MS

and AL)– Amerindians wiped out in Ohio Valley areas– Spirit of westward expansion– Davy Crockett – first pop culture icon – great hunter

and fighter – Americans identified with him

Henry Clay’s American SystemSecond National Bank

– Voted by Congress in 1816– Local banks started springing up all over country– Country was flooded by depreciated bank notes used during War of 1812– Modeled after 1st National Bank but with more capital– Jeffersonians supported new bank; Federalists denounced it…no one

cared

Henry Clay’s American System

Tariff of 1816– Purpose – protect U.S.

manufacturing from British competition

– First protective tariff in U.S. history

– Imposed 20-25% duties on imports

– Started a protective trend in U.S. trade

Henry Clay’s American System

Views on Tariff of 1816– South – John C. Calhoun

• Recent war hawk and nationalist

• Initially supported tariff• Later opposed tariff –

helped New England too much at South’s expense

Henry Clay’s American System

• Views on Tariff of 1816– New England – Daniel

Webster• Opposed the tariff • Shippers in N.E. thought it

would damage their industry

• New England not completely industrialized yet

Henry Clay’s American System

• Views on Tariff of 1816– Henry Clay

• Saw tariff as a way to develop a strong domestic market

• Eastern trade would flourish• Tariff revenues would help

modernize Ohio Valley• Fix road systems in West• Foodstuffs and raw materials

from South and West would flow into North and East

Speech Writing ActivityPick one (1) of the men we spoke about yesterday and draft a speech that he would have given in Congress to

either support or oppose the Tariff of 1816.Make sure you include reasons why you support or

oppose the tariff and its impact on your constituency.

Era of Good Feelings, 1817-25James Monroe elected in 1816– Continued Virginia dynasty– Death of the Federalist Party– Term coined by newspaper

writer following Monroe’s election

Era of Good Feelings, 1817-25

Anything but good…– Sectionalism– Tariff problems– Internal improvements– BUS– Sale of public lands– Panic of 1819– Slavery in the West

Era of Good Feelings, 1817-25

Monroe oversaw four(4) major events during his presidency:– Panic of 1819– Westward Expansion– Missouri Compromise of 1820– Monroe Doctrine

Panic of 1819First major depression since 1780s (AoC)Causes:– Overspeculation on frontier lands– Inflation from War of 1812– Trade imbalance with Britain and France

Calls for reform emerged:– Western farmers hated the BUS– People wanted responsible government– New land legislation – smaller parcels sold for less

money

***Monroe re-elected in 1820 for dealing with depression

Westward ExpansionWestern Characteristics:

– Were not focused on state’s rights (unlike South)– Depended heavily on federal govt. $$$– Contained wide diversity of people immigrating from East– Some free and some slave– Wanted to maintain sectional balance in Congress

Reasons for Expansion:– Cheap lands– Land exhaustion in East (tobacco)– Speculators took small payments– Depression during the embargo years (TJ)– Fewer Amerindians– Transportation Revolution (canals and steam)

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Missouri asked Congress to enter the union in 1819– Tallmadge Amendment passed House

• No more slaves could be brought to Missouri• Gradual emancipation to those in Missouri

Missouri Compromise of 1820

• The South viewed Tallmadge Amendment as a threat to sectional balance

• Southerners feared the future of the slave system• Senate refused to pass the Amendment – crisis

ensued

“This momentous question, like a firebell in the night, awakened and filled me with terror.”

- TJ

Missouri Compromise of 1820

Henry Clay led compromise• Provisions:

– Congress agree to admit Maine as a free state– Future slavery prohibited north of 36⁰ 30’ line– Compromise worked well on both sides– Slavery became a dominant issue in American politics

John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism

Major Cases before the Marshall Court:– Fletcher v. Peck (1810)– Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee (1816)– McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)– Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)– Cohen’s v. Virginia (1821)– Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)Brief description and IMPACT

Foreign RelationsRush-Bagot Treaty (1817)– During Madison’s presidency– Limited naval armaments on the Great Lakes– U.S. and Canada shared the longest unfortified

border in the world

Treaty of 1818– Negotiated by John Quincy Adams– Provisions:• Fixed American-Canadian border at 49th parallel• 10-year joint occupation of Oregon Territory• Americans could share fisheries in Canada

• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)– Spain relinquished power to Florida– Amerindians (Seminoles) flooded across the U.S. border– Andrew Jackson sent to control Amerindians – First

Seminole War

Monroe Doctrine (1823)– Britain sought alliance with U.S. to protect Latin

American interests– Provisions (written by JQA)

• Monroe warned European powers• Imperial powers can keep lands, but gain no new ones• New republics must govern themselves – no interference• Message was mostly directed towards Russia and Great

Britain

Response to Monroe Doctrine– British reaction was mixed – thought U.S. was

directing at them– Became cornerstone to U.S. foreign relations in

19th and 20th Centuries– JQA became one of the most significant Sec. of

States EVER!

You are a newspaper journalist in the 1820s reflecting back on all of the foreign policies created during Madison’s and Monroe’s administrations.

Choose two (2) foreign policy measures from the following:Rush-BagotTreaty of 1818Adams-OnisMonroe Doctrine

Create an editorial and demonstrate your knowledge of the topic and your preliminary opinion of the foreign policy measures in place.

Nationalism in Literature ACTIVITY

• Noah Webster• William McGuffey• Knickerbocker Group– Washington Irving– James Fenimore Cooper– William Cullen Bryant

• Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

• Transcendentalism– Henry David Thoreau– Ralph Waldo Emerson– Walt Whitman

Nationalism in the Arts ACTIVITY

• Gilbert Stuart• Charles Willson Peale• John Trumbull• Thomas Cole• Asher Durand• Frederic Edwin Church• Albert Bierstadt