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The English Civil War & the Restoration Colonies. Middle and Southern Colonies Founded After 1662. Parliament & King Charles I. Parliament clashed repeatedly with Stuart kings Petition of Right (1628) asserted basic rights: No taxation without Parliament’s approval - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The English Civil War &the Restoration Colonies
Middle and Southern Colonies Founded After 1662
Parliament & King Charles I
• Parliament clashed repeatedly with Stuart kings
• Petition of Right (1628) asserted basic rights:– No taxation without
Parliament’s approval– No quartering of troops in
private homes and no martial law in peacetime
– Right to trial by jury & due process of law
King Charles I (1625-49)
The Civil War & Commonwealth
• Parliament won the Civil War (1642-45)
• Charles escaped in 1647, but recaptured in 1648 & executed Jan. 30, 1649
• The Commonwealth was a republic, but Oliver Cromwell became dictator
• After his death, monarchy restored in 1660Oliver Cromwell
The Restoration Colonies
• King Charles II granted New Netherlands to his brother James in 1664 – became New York
• James granted southern portion to investors – became New Jersey
• King granted Carolina to a different group of investors in 1663 (split in 1729)
• King granted Pennsylvania to William Penn in 1681
King Charles II (1660-85)
The Middle Colonies
New York & New Jersey• Duke of York’s charter
granted him all land between Connecticut & Delaware Rivers– Connecticut received royal
charter in 1662– Boundary settled in 1683
• New Jersey granted to John Berkeley & George Carteret– divided it into East & West
Jersey in 1676– Reunited in 1702
Penn’s Woods
• William Penn wanted haven for fellow Quakers
• Established religious toleration for all, so German pietists flocked there
• Tried to treat Indians fairly• Philadelphia soon became
largest city in colonies• Purchased 3 Lower Counties
(Delaware) in 1682 to secure access to sea
Carolina• First colonized by Spanish in
1526• Charles II granted it to 8
favorites in 1663• “Grand Model” constitution
(written by John Locke) tried to est. feudal system
• Rice became staple crop by 1690; indigo in 1740s
• South Carolina became royal colony in 1719
• North Carolina became royal colony in 1729
James II & the Dominion of New England
• King James II consolidated all northern colonies into Dominion of New England– Viceroy = Edmund Andros– Forced rel. toleration– Stripped local governments of
power– Required landowners to pay
annual quitrent • James was openly Catholic, but
daughters Mary & Anne were Protestant
King James II (1685-88)
The Glorious Revolution(1688-89)
• Parliament invited James’ daughter Mary & husband William of Orange to take throne in 1688
• William defeated James at the Battle of the Boyne in Northern Ireland (July 1, 1690)
• William & Mary accepted Bill of Rights
• New colonial charters granted in 1691
• Plymouth merged into Mass. Bay
William III & Mary II
The Battle of the Boyne
Social Contract Theory of Government
• John Locke published Two Treatises on Government in 1690 – Man originally in state of nature,
with natural rights• Life• Liberty• Property
– Government = contract between people to protect rights
– If gov’t doesn’t protect rights, people have right of revolutionJohn Locke
The Stuart & Hanover Dynasties
• Act of Succession (1701) said monarch must always be Protestant
• Act of Union (1707) merged England & Scotland into the United Kingdom
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