View
227
Download
6
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
THE END OF THE REVOLUTIONARY WARCHAPTER 7 SECTION 5
Independence!
War Spreads
Battles reached the western frontierSmall battles between Continentals
and Britain’s Native American alliesGeorge Rogers Clark stepped in as
leader in this areaGained trust of soldiers and
commandersEven respected by the Native
Americans he was fighting
The War in the West
George Rogers Clark had spent years exploring and mapping
Created an army by gathering soldiers from small towns Traveled around frontier to
encourage men to join the Continental Army
Proposed attacking Kaskaskia – British trading town on the Mississippi River
Clark’s Plan for Kaskaskia – SURPRISE!!
June 1778 – 175 soldiers
Cross the river, march 120 miles through forests
Plan worked!
British surrendered the town on July 4, 1778 without a fight
War in the West – VincennesOn the Wabash River in Indiana
Town of Vincennes – surrendered upon hearing of defeat in Kaskaskia
Clark organizes meetings with Native Americans – convinces them to be temporarily neutral
While meeting, the British retake the town
Battle of Vincennes – February 1779: Clark’s army recaptures the town
The War in the South
After defeat at Saratoga, British refocus efforts in southern colonies Gaining
freed slaves in the army
Many Tories (Loyalists) in the South – could offer support
The War in the South
British army was led by General Cornwallis
Considered by many to be a military genius
As they marched: Destroyed Patriot
property Seized plantations Ruined crops Killed farm animals
The War in the South
Savannah, Georgia
Use a secret trail into the port city to surprise the Patriots and capture the city
Showed the trail by a freed slave
The War in the South
Charleston,S.C.
Fought for months
Patriots surrender
5,000 Patriots taken POW
The War in the South
Camden, South Carolina August 1780
Continentals led by Horatio Gates ½ # troops that he thought Troops = hungry/tired;
Gates fed them, but many got sick!
Forces severely weakened Attack Camden – many
soldiers panic and run = forces fall apart
Gates’ army gets crushed Only 700 of 4,000 troops
remainThe Patriots had lost their
southern army
The War in the South
Patriots start using guerrilla warfare – swift, hit-and-run attacks
Led by Francis Marion Used guerrilla
warfare to destroy communication and supply lines
Became known as the “Swamp Fox” because no one could catch him
Patriot Troubles
Benedict Arnold becomes a traitor Thought he was
treated poorly By Continental Congress
Low on money Pay soldiers Buy supplies
Foreign allies hadn’t helped much yet
Yorktown – Patriot Victory!
Cornwallis sends troops to Yorktown, Virginia Prepares to attack
Patriots being led by Lafayette
Washington was in NY Created a plan with the
French Troops will march south French Navy will travel
down Chesapeake BaySurround Cornwallis
with 16,000 troops and the French Navy
Yorktown
Patriots hold city under siege for weeks
British navy driven back by the French
Cornwallis surrendered in October 1781 British troops
leave Yorktown on October 20, 1781
The Treaty of Paris
At the end of any war, a treaty is signed Agreement between previously warring nations
June 1781 – Continental Congress begins peace negotiations with the British Led by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, John Jay and
Henry Laurens Franklin: “Let us now forgive and forget…America
will, with God’s blessing, become a great and happy Country; and England, if she has at length gained wisdom, will have gained something”
Negotiations took 2 years
The Treaty of Paris
Great Britain recognizes an independent United States
New borders for the United States
Americans gain rights to settle and trade west of original colonial lines
Soldiers return home
The New United States
Recommended