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Karoline Qasem, PhDAugust 28th, 2019
https://i0.wp.com/kanecountyconnects.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/River-Flood-Stage.png?fit=1200%2C754&ssl=1
The Effect of Floods on Ecosystem Metabolism in Suburban Streams
Introduction
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• Education• Bachelor: Architectural Engineering - Islamic University, Palestine (2009)• Masters: Urban Planning – University of Illinois at Chicago (2014)• PhD: Civil and Material Engineering – University of Illinois at Chicago
(2018)
• Current work• Senior Staff Professional at Geosyntec Consultants
Watershed and water quality modeling (e.g., HSPF, FRSG Qual2k), stormwater management, GIS analysis, and coding for data analysis (e.g., Python)
Overview
Motivation
Introduction
Methods
Results
Recommendations
http://www.positivelynaperville.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/20120419_Flood_3534.jpg3
Motivation
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Physical changes
Chemical changes
Biological changes
Human activities in urban/suburban streams cause
“Flashy hydrology”
The occurrence of morefrequent high flows due toincreased impervious surfacecover that alters the quantityand quality of water deliveredto urban streams.
http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1094033/images/o-CHICAGO-storm-STORM-WEATHER-NEWS-UPDATE-facebook.jpg
Motivation
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MotivationStorm events
Stream Metabolism
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Stream metabolism is what is happening at the base of the food web.
IntroductionStream Metabolism
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Introduction
• Gross Primary ProductionGPP
• Ecosystem RespirationER
• Net Ecosystem ProductionNEP
Stream Metabolism
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Introduction
The process of producing energy in the form of organic compounds (i.e. sugars or glucose) from inorganic compounds (i.e. water and CO2).
I only consider Aerobic production:
Gross Primary Production (GPP)
http://evelynapes.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/8/9/13894648/4378408_orig.png
Carbon Fixation:
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Introduction
The process of converting organic carbon to inorganic carbon.
Ecosystem Respiration (ER)
http://www.globalspec.com/ImageRepository/LearnMore/201310/dissolved_oxygen_cycle33b97f68d64d45018720d4179b349e97.png
Carbon Mineralization
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Introduction
NEP is the difference between GPP and ER
Positive NEP means internal energy sources are more than sufficient
Negative NEP means energy import is required
Net Ecosystem Production
Energy Excess𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝐺𝐺𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 − 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸
(CH2O)n
(CH2O)n(CH2O)n
(CH2O)n
(CH2O)n
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Introduction
NEP is the difference between GPP and ER
Positive NEP means internal energy sources are more than sufficient
Negative NEP means energy import is required
Net Ecosystem Production
Energy Excess𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 = 𝐺𝐺𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 − 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸
(CH2O)n
(CH2O)n(CH2O)n
(CH2O)n
(CH2O)n
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Stream metabolism is an integrative metric of stream ecosystem processes
It is important to understand stream controls on food webs and stream response to human activities
It is a matrix to assess ecosystem health
It represents carbon cycle in streams
IntroductionWhy do we need to assess stream
metabolism?
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Introduction
GPP:ER
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𝐺𝐺𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁
𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸
Hoellein et al. (2013)
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
𝐺𝐺𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸
IntroductionGPP and ER values? GPP and ER values?
http://miriadna.com/desctopwalls/images/max/Forest-small-river.jpg https://assets.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/styles/full_content--retina/public/media-uploads/guide_waterpollution_66615937_2400.jpg?itok=l7kar9Ev
IntroductionGPP and ER values?
Young et al., 2004
GPP and ER values?
IntroductionFactors influencing stream
metabolism
Light availability
Storm events
Temperature
Stream size
Riparian vegetation
Land use
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Introduction
Tracking the evolution of dissolved O2 is the simplest means of quantifying metabolism metrics.
Quantify Stream Metabolism
18https://slideplayer.com/slide/8476234/
Study Sites
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7 sites: East Branch DuPage River, West Branch DuPage River and Salt Creek.
Summer and fall data between 2009 and 2013
Methods
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Whole stream metabolism (RIVERMET)
1. DO (DO from the DuPage River and Salt Creek Work Group)
2. Discharge (Q)3. Temperature (T)4. Water depth (H)
Methods
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Whole stream metabolism (RIVERMET)
1. DO 2. Discharge (Q)3. Temperature (T)4. Water depth (H)
Methods
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Whole stream metabolism (RIVERMET)
1. DO 2. Discharge (Q)3. Temperature (T)4. Water depth (H)
(Cross section data from DuPage River Storm Water Division)
Expected outcomes
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Methods
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Gross Primary Production
Ecosystem Respiration
Net Ecosystem Production
Flow
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Results
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Results
SCBR has significantly higher respiration than the rest of the sites.
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Results
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Results
SCYR has much lower productivity than the rest of the sites.
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Results
Previous studies showed a trend for changing metabolic activity with the increase of RI but there was no significant relationship
Roley et al. (2014), Reisinger et al. (2017)
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Results
GPP resistance
ER resistance
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Non-flood days
Flood days
Flow disturbances increasingly affect metabolism.
GPP in urban stream ecosystems was more susceptible to disturbance than the ER.
Large flow events sustain heterotrophic conditions more than autotrophic conditions.
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Conclusion
Stream metabolism should be considered in stream monitoring schemes.
Stream metabolism can be used to assess the success of restoration projects on a shorter-term compared to biological diversity.
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Recommendations
The effect of dam removal on stream metabolism
The influence of urban intensity on stream metabolism
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Ongoing studies
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Questions?
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