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Happiness and the development
of a dialogical Self
Benefits of happiness
- more friends
- stronger social support and richer social interactions.
- increased productivity, more activity and creativity
- higher quality of work
- higher income
- more cooperative, prosocial, and charitable
- greater self-control
- bolstered immune system
- live a longer life
Lyubomirsky, S., Sheldon, K. M., & Schkade, D, (2005). Pursuing happiness: The architecture of
sustainable change. Review of General Psychology, 9, 111–131.
Sources of happiness
- Genetics: 50%
- Circumstances: 10%
- Intentional activity: 40%
Intentional activities: possible route to more enduring increases in
happiness beyond basic determinants.
Changing one’s volitional efforts: happiness-boosting potential that
is almost as large as the probable role of genetics, and much larger
than the influence of one’s circumstances.
Alice: Telling different things from different
positions (open vs. closed)
Question about her past:
Is there something important or influential in your past
that still exerts an influence today?
Valuation from her open position:
“My mother, open and cheerful,
has always been like a friend to me”
Valuation from her closed position:
“When I was 12 years old, my father left the house;
I know so little about that period; I think there is much
pain and sorrow during that time”
Alice: Telling different things about the same
person
Question about her present:
Is there something important or
influential in your present life?
Valuation from her open position:
“In the contact with my boyfriend: I’m
always listening to him; I’m always there
for him”
Valuation from her closed position:
“My partner and I have both had a broken relationship in the
past; I do not want to lose myself again in another relationship”
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4
open
closed
Figure 1, Average dominance ratings for thinking about personal
valuations for open and closed positions over four weeks
Hermans, H.J.M., & Kempen, H.J.G. (1993). The dialogical self: Meaning as movement. San Diego:
Academic Press
How DOMINANT were
these valuations in your
thinking during the past
week?
Reversal of dominance
is expressed by the
crossing lines
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1 2 3 4
open
closed
Figure 2. Average meaningfulness ratings for thinking about personal
valuations for open and closed positions over four weeks
Hermans, H.J.M., & Kempen, H.J.G. (1993). The dialogical self: Meaning as movement. San
Diego: Academic Press
How MEANINGFUL were
these valuations in your thinking
during the past week?
Meaningfulness
reversal is expressed
by the crossing lines
Hubert
Hermans
Spronck
optimistic
pessimistic
city
independent business
practical
optimistic
rural/ farmers
misfortune
sensitive
pessimistic
Word I in Sranon Tongo
Different modalities of the word 'I‘ in the Sranon Tongo,
the language of Afro-Surinam people
Mi I
Mi kra My soul, I
A misi (f'mi) My feminine part
A masra (f'mi) My masculine part
Mi misi nanga mi masra My feminine and masculine part
Mi dyodyo My divine parents
Mi skin My body, I
Mi geest My spirit, I
Wekker, G. (1994). Eindelijk kom ik tot mezelf [Finally, I’m in touch with myself].
In J. Hoogsteder (Red.), Etnocentrisme & Communicatie in de Hulpverlening (pp. 45-60).
Utrecht: Landelijke Federatie van Welzijnsorganisaties voor Surinamers.
A dynamic multiplicity of I positions
in the landscape of the mind,
intertwined as this mind is with the
minds of other people
The Dialogical Self
As voiced positions they tell their OWN
STORY; they are involved in dialogical
relationships both within and between
people.
Dialogical relationships involve both interchange and
relative dominance.
Hermans, H.J.M., & Gieser, T. (Eds.) (2012) Handbook of Dialogical Self
Theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
dreamer &
perfectionistavoider father &
grandfather
accepting psychotherapist
SOCIETY
EXTERNAL
DOMAIN OF
SELFINTERNAL
DOMAIN OF
SELF
DIALOGICAL SPACE
Richards example
- Takes a distance from the immediate stream of
experiences, but is still dialogical.
-The development of a meta-position with a broad
bandwidth contributes to the integration and continuity
of the repertoire as a whole.
Hermans, H.J.M., & Hermans-Konopka, A. (2010). Dialogical Self Theory: Positioning
and counter-positioning in a globalizing society. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
(a) Overarching view on several positions;
(b) Linkages between positions with recognition of
their diversity and alterity;
(c) Direction of change
Meta-position (leadership in the self)
Motivation from a Dialogical Point of View
-Internal and external
promoter positions:
the case of Kader Abdolah
- his father and his dream as
promoter positions
- motivation is strongest when the promoter
position is supported by a broad bandwidth
of other positions
Promoter position (leadership in the self)
- Organizing the self-system in the direction of higher
developmental levels (e.g., becoming more authentic
or capable to deal with uncertainty)
- Openness towards the future of the self and have the
potential to produce and organize a diverse range of
more specialized but qualitatively different positions
Can you mention two promoter positions in your past
or present life, one external and one internal?
- Examples: ‘I as accepting,’ ‘I as artistic’, ‘I as
religious,’ ‘my mission’ or an external model
Summary:
Towards a deeper view on happiness
A dynamic multiplicity of
positive and negative I-positions in the society
of mind, involved in dialogical relationships --
including relationships of relative dominance--
with oneself and others
As a way to make productive use of the
volitional part of happiness
Hermans, H.J.M., & Meijers, F. (2019). The pursuit of happiness. Special issue on happiness,
British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 47, 139-142,
International Society
for Dialogical Science https://dialogicalself.org
Mission:- the facilitation of dialogical processes in the self,in society and between cultures in a globalizing world
Benefits: - GLOBAL COMMUNITY of scientists and practitioners - REDUCTION of conference fee (Barcelona, 10-13 June, 2020); - VISIBILITY of your research or practical interest
ISDS membership
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