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The Development of Moral & Social JudgmentsThe Culture of Morality: Chapter 5
Jill Pence & Jennifer Steele
Character
General
Group
Cultural
National types/subtypes
Represented in the individual
Specific
Linked to morality
Honesty
Compassion
Courage
Responsibility
Loyalty
Conscience
Early Theories of
Morality
Freud’s
PsychoanalyticTheory
Skinner, Watson, Miller
& DollardBehaviorism
Theory
Piaget’sSocial
Development Theory
Conflict with morality in society is biological, instinctual. Aggression is natural. Society must be regulated and controlled to prevent chaos.
Moral behaviors are learned through habit and behavioral modification in society utilizing rewards, punishment, & imitation.
Development stems from reciprocal interactions and understandings of experiences.
Moral Development
Piaget
Heteronomous Morality Cognition Experience Interpretation
Mutual respect Shifts from unilateral
respect
Morality of Autonomy Purpose replaces fixed
notion
Kohlberg
What is morality?
“Child is a moral philosopher”
3 levels of moral development Preconventional Conventional Postconventional
Domains of Judgments
Conventional
Social systems
Accepted norms
Authority/Rules
Uniformity
Moral
Include welfare, justice, and rights
Harming others Physical Psychological
Include social systems, but are not legitimated by them
Impartial
Personal Choices & Freedoms
Do not inflict harm
Not regulated by conventional ways
May vary by culture and/or context
Personal needs, interest, goals Looking out for #1
Is it truly culture specific?
Real life vs Textbook
Looked at a survey of colleagues, family, and friends to compare responses of moral development against the readings
36 out of 70 responses
Most over the age of 30
All but 2 from religious background
Character
Seen by all participants as the way in which a person acts “my reputation” “ability to stand for something” “response to situations in life”
Morality
The Survey results: “how society thinks things should be—the
accepted Norm” “set of values that each person takes on at some
point in their lives…shaped by culture, religion, peers, personal identity…variable”
“principles that make things right” “socially accepted behavior”
Results seem to follow more of the behaviorist beliefs of morality—societal norms and external factors
Where is Morality Learned?
Survey results: “Everything we are exposed to” “culture, religion (or lack there of), peers,
personal identity” “authority figures—mainly parental figures” “home, church, school, but some of it we are
born with”
Can Morality only be learned in childhood?
31 “no’s” “it can shift as you grow” “life long process” “no, we are deeply influenced by our
environment. Every person we meet has a positive or negative effect on our minds and hearts and we seem to try to imitate the behavior that we most admire with the people we come in contact.”
“They can as adults, but it will take life altering consequences…”
Conclusion
What do you think?
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