The Crusades. From the 11 th – 13 th centuries, European Christians go on a series of military...

The CrusadesThe Crusades

The CrusadesThe Crusades

• From the 11th –13th centuries, European Christians go on a series of military campaigns to regain the Holy Lands from the Muslims.

Pope Urban IIPope Urban II

• Urban II begins the 1st Crusade.

• Council of Clement in 1095, Pope Urban II urged Christians to take up arms in a holy war.

• Knights and various warriors join up across Europe.

• Joined for various reasons: adventure, fighting, opportunity for riches or a title.

First CrusadeFirst Crusade• Takes place in

1099.• Several thousand

European soldiers invade Jerusalem and massacre thousand of inhabitants.

• Four Christian states created in the region.

Second CrusadeSecond Crusade

• Begins around 1120.• Attempt to regain one

of the Christian states that had fallen to the Muslims

• Failed terribly.

SaladinSaladin• 1187 Jerusalem fell to

Muslims under Saladin

• Saladin well respected and fair Muslim leader.

• After defeat of Christians Saladin allows Christians to leave peacefully.

Third CrusadeThird Crusade

• Led by Frederick Barbarossa, Richard I, Phillip II.

• Crusade overall was not successful.

• However Richard I able to negotiate to allow Christians to visit Holy lands.

.  .  . 

Fourth CrusadeFourth Crusade

• Saladin dies in 1193, so Pope Innocent III started the Fourth Crusade

• However leaders of the Fourth Crusade saw an opportunity to neutralize their largest commercial competitor (Constantinople) in 1204.

• Invade and take Constantinople.

Children’s Crusade 1212Children’s Crusade 1212• 12 year old Nicholas

of Cologne leads thousands of youth to Rome visit pope and discuss his crusade.

• Pope turns him away.• Group splits some

return home while others try to get to holy land.

• Merchants sale kids into slavery.

Impact of the CrusadesImpact of the Crusades• Benefited various

Italian cities economically by bringing more people to the region for trade and development..

• Begins attacks on the Jewish because they were considered infidels as well.