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The Columbian Exchange & Global Trade
Chapter 20 Section 4p. 500-503
The Columbian Exchange
The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of the Americas.
From the Americas to the World:
Corn and potatoes were probably the most important items.
They: Were inexpensive to grow and highly
nutritious Helped people live longer and healthier Increased the world’s population
New to the Americas:
From Europe -new livestock – horses, cattle, pigs
From Africa - bananas, black-eyed peas, yams
Exchanged Diseases
From Europe: Smallpox Influenza Typhus Measles Malaria
From America: Syphilis Hepatitus
EUROPE RECEIVED
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
AMERICAS RECEIVED
FOOD CORN, WHITE POTATOES, PUMPKINS, TOMATOES, CACAO, STRAWBERRIES,
QUININE, TOBACCO
FOODSUGAR, WHEAT, RICE, CITRUS
FRUITS, TEA, COFFEE, BANANAS, OKRA, BARLEY,
OATS, WINE GRAPES
ANIMALSTURKEYS, GUINEA PIGS,
RATTLESNAKES, BUFFALO, RACCOONS
ANIMALSHORSES, CHICKENS, PIGS,
COWS, GOATS, SHEEP, RATS, OXEN
DISEASESSYPHILIS
DISEASESSMALLPOX, MEASLES,
INFLUENZA
RELIGIONCHRISTIANITY
WEAPONS AND TOOLSGUNS AND IRON TOOLS
A Commercial Revolution
New wealth from the Americas and a growth in overseas trade drastically change business practices.
The Rise of Capitalism
An economic system based on private ownership and the investment of wealth for profit.
Governments are not the sole owners of wealth.
The increases in wealth brought on inflation.
Joint-Stock Companies
When people pool their wealth for a common purpose.
Large amounts of money were needed to establish overseas colonies.
A joint-stock company was responsible for the establishment of Jamestown, Virginia.
The Growth of Mercantilism
The theory that a country’s power depends mainly upon its wealth.
Armies and navies need wealth to operate.
To Increase power a country needs to:
1. Obtain as much gold and silver as possible.
2. Establish a favorable balance of trade. To sell more goods than it buys from other
nations.
3. Ultimately, to become self-sufficient.
Colonies
Provide raw materials. Become a market where the home country
can sell its goods.
Changes in European Society
Towns grew in size. A merchant class developed. Merchants
rose in status. The majority of Europeans remained poor.
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