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The Cold War Origins (1945-1955)
History Notes 13-1
The Cold War
• Yalta Conference (March 1945)
–U.S. and Soviets plan to rebuild post-war Europe
–Germany will pay reparations for WWII
The Cold War
• Potsdam Conference (July 1945)
–U.S. and Soviets divide up Germany into East & West regions
– Increased tensions between two superpowers
What is the Cold War?
• The Cold War (1945-1990):
– Two superpowers (USA and Soviet Union) compete for military power and influence throughout the world
The Cold War
– Soviet Union supports pro-Communist governments in…
oPoland
oBulgaria
oRomania
o Czechoslovakia o Hungary o Yugoslavia
The Cold War
• Iron Curtain: The Soviet Union and other communist nations of Eastern Europe
The Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill gave
the “Iron Curtain” speech
in 1946 Map of the Iron
Curtain
The Cold War
• Policy of Containment (1947-1990):
–Prevent the spread of communism
• Truman Doctrine (1947):
–U.S. will support any Anti-Communist Gov’t
– EX: Korean War
–Vietnam War
The Truman Doctrine, 1947
President Truman outlined the Truman Doctrine to a
joint session of Congress in March of 1947
The Cold War
The Cold War
• The Marshall Plan (1947):
–U.S. sponsors a European post-war recovery program (Give food and money to Europe)
The Marshall Plan, 1947
A map showing how the
plan’s $20B was
distributed by country
Photo shows a delivery of
wheat from the U.S. being
unloaded in Rotterdam,
Netherlands
The Cold War
• Berlin Airlift (1948-1949):
–U.S. Air Force flies supplies to West Berlin to keep it out of Soviet control
The Cold War
• NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization):
–Military alliance of Western European, democratic countries
The Cold War
• Warsaw Pact (1955):
–Military alliance of Eastern European, communist countries
– Soviets fear a NATO attack
NATO Treaty, 1949. Warsaw Pact, 1955.
• Pause Here
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