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The cities project conference: Creativity and partnerships for cities urban regeneration
Neil McInroyChief Executive
Centre for Local Economic Strategies
Resilient Cities: the Role of the Creative Economy
What is CLES?
Independent UK based charity. No commercial sponsor or government grants
Economic development but with social fairness and within limits of environment
Most of work in UK, but also increasingly international
Established 1986 Planners, geographers, local government, environmental scientists, economists
Hybrid; research, consultancy, Local government members
What is CLES?
Run online magazine: NewStart
Climate change, peak oil, peak water, peak soil, energy insecurity
Places need to adapt, new ways of sustainable living
Ageing and migration
Challenge to find the public resources
Economic turbulence
Global interdependency but local economies matter more
Development of place is getting harder.
The need for creativity: A new era for place making
Challenging times!
New economies
Importance of capital
Networks
Creativity and Innovation
The ingredients to success
The I Ching (Classic chinese text)
‘Look at what connects and separates people’
=
Exploring Ill health, deprivation and the economy
Source: London Health Observatory
Need to work at success?
GDP and Life Satisfaction 1973 - 2002
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
140%
160%
180%
200%
1973 1975 1977 1979 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001
GDP
Life Satisfaction
Scare planners and economic developers!
But we all want some material progress!
Human Capital
Human CapitalHUMAN CAPITAL
Social Capital
Private/Physical CapitalPrivate Capital
Public Capital
Environmental CapitalEnvironmental Capital
Harnessing the capital and assets
Resilience v sustainability
Key:
Public
Private
Academic
Charity/ NFP
Image & analysis by Daniela D’Andreta
Nick Crossley, Poetics, Volume 37, Issue 1, Pages 1-98 (February 2009)
Resilience
Resilience is not about the passive maintenance of a situation
Its more active, its about:
being ready to take on opportunities.
responding to shocks
dealing with change
being adaptable and creative
taking a punch and bouncing back
making our places and cities go...............
Resilience
Resilience
Maggie Leininger 2004
“Creativity is a mental and social process involving the generation of new ideas of concepts, or new associations of the creative mind between existing ideas or concepts, creativity is fuelled by the process of conscious or unconscious insight.”
and
“creativity as an assumptions breaking process”
Creativity assisting resilience
Resilience
Lu Xinjian
Need to understand and harness the ‘dna of place’
We need to search for and nurture qualities in place (the conditions) which harness creativity and adaptability to huge, economic, environmental, social, and cultural change
The ‘capitals’, assets and cultures of place are of great importance
The importance of understanding and building creative networks and partnerships
Need to build resilient place based relationships.
Creation of place resilience
Governance
Health and wellbeing
Environment
Identity history and context
The local economy
Stages of resilience
The local economy
The resilience work
CLES piloted work in six cities around the world (Portland, Yokkaichi, Haiphong, Culiacan, Gdansk, Coimbatore and now worked in:
Northumberland
Ashfield and Mansfield
Cambridgeshire and West Suffolk
Cherwell
Gloucester, Cheltenham and Tewkesbury
ManchesterSouthern Staffordshire
Dandenong, Australia
Blackburn with Darwen
The resilience scale
Resilient – Compelling evidence of robust relationships between the different spheres in the economy
Stable – Evidence of sound relationships between the different spheres.
Vulnerable – Relationships between the different sectors are significantly underdeveloped.
Brittle – Little evidence of relationships between different sectors.
PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
GOVERNMENT
WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXTHISTORY AND CULTURE
Very resilient. With balance between sectors
Creativity between sectors
Public sector and economy enables
Urban growth boundary
Strong ‘green’ identity, percolating through place and activity
Portland-Oregon, USA
PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
GOVERNMENT
WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXTHISTORY AND CULTURE
Stable to Vulnerable.
Bolstered by EU funds
Public sector interaction with the social and commercial sector is weak.
Competition –V - Cooperation in wider city region
Some creativity within rather than between sectors
Gdansk, Poland
PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
GOVERNMENT
WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXTHISTORY AND CULTURE
Brittle.
Lack of connection between the sectors.
Dominated by ‘fragile’ US Investment.
State-level strategy, dominated by business
Environment degraded.
Culiacan-Sinaloa, Mexico
PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
GOVERNMENT
WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXTHISTORY AND CULTURE
Vulnerable to stable
An entrepreneurial culture.
Local government providing little more than services
Genuine philanthrocapitalism, filling the gaps with NGOs
Creativity through ‘absence’ of public sector
Coimbatore-Tamil Nadu, India
PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
GOVERNMENT
WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXTHISTORY AND CULTURE
Vulnerable to stable
Strong drive from government, from national down to city
Starting to embrace the free market
A strong entrepreneurial spirit
Planned creativity?
Haiphong, Vietnam
PUBLIC
COMMERCIAL
SOCIAL
BROAD ECONOMIC CONTEXT
GOVERNMENT
WORKING WITHIN ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITS
LOCAL ECONOMIC TERRITORY
LOCAL IDENTITY AND CONTEXTHISTORY AND CULTURE
Resilient. Despite ongoing recession from 90’s
Public sector key actor
A strong focus on innovation –a ‘technological and innovation DNA’ –running through the place
Strong collective, place based culture
Yokkaichi and Mie Prefecture, Japan
TIME
An opportunity or a shock/negative change
Resilient
Vulnerable
Stable
Brittle
Timeline following an event or opportunity
Partnerships in BLackburn
Informal Networks: Who are your 3 closest work colleagues, people you would go to solve a work problem, to talk something through or to have a creative conversation with?
Let’s assume some change: Does it matter?
Conclusions
Successful places are predicated on creative relationships, and innovative interactions between public, commercial and social sectors
Place shielding
Existing economic development models have failed to factor in wider role of culture, capitals and assets
Our places are dependent upon complex connections
Vulnerable to small disturbances
Creativity is key connecting element
Conclusions from Pilot areas to date
What are the danger signs for an un-resilient place?
Poor blend of sectors
Great plans but not based on an understanding of functioning and malfunctioning relationship
Simple assumptions that cause and effect is linear.
Narrow definitions of ‘success’
Poor consideration of the cultural condictions
Poor understanding of local/global connections
Rigid governance - hierarchical
Conclusions on resilience
Centre for Local Economic Strategies
Email - neilmcinroy@cles.org.uk
Web - www.cles.org.uk
Magazine - www.newstartmag.co.uk
Twitter - @nmcinroy
Phone - (0044) 161 236 7036
Centre for Local Economic Strategies
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