The Axis Definition:Enemy: Country Leader Government

The AxisDefinition: Enemy:

Country Leader Government

Definition: Japan, Italy & Definition: Japan, Italy & Germany- joined together to Germany- joined together to

support each other support each other militarily and economically militarily and economically

during WWIIduring WWII

Enemy=The “Allies”Enemy=The “Allies”

Description of government: Monarch

• Monarch: The emperor of Japan inherits his control of the country due to birth right. The emperor is similar to a king, however, the people of Japan believed the emperor was chosen by the gods.

• Emperor Hirohito had most political power since he was a king in which people believed was chosen by the gods.

• Military decisions were often controlled by Hideki Tojo. He tried to become more powerful than the emperor. Tojo was the Premier (aka prime minister): this means he was head of the government (but not more powerful than the emperor). He was also head of the military and in charge of the departments of war, education, commerce ($) and industry.

• After WWI, Japan was in a depression. Opponents of the government (Chinese or other Japanese citizens) & communists (from the Soviet Union) were killed as the government tried to stabilize country.

• Military invaded China and started a war in 1937.

• Japan invaded Vietnam (which was called “French Indochina”). Hitler took Vietnam from France, and then gave Japan permission to occupy the territory. Planned to take over Southeast Asia.

• Joined the Axis in 1940.

• Tojo• Prime Minister

• Hirohito• Emperor

--Extreme form of nationalism (salutes, rallies, uniforms/designated colors, secret police),--People own property but government has control and rules--there are different classes in society (lower, middle, upper) but supported financially by the rich--Restore economic growth, national pride, & punish those responsible for hard times

Promises:

I will destroyYou if youCross me!

Believed nation & the nation & the racerace came before the

individual!!!

Fascism gets support from the rich, not poor

workers

Gov’t controlled by 1 person/party

(dictator) Suppressing

freedom & controlling every

aspect of life

ITALY• After WWI, Italy was in a depression. Mussolini was

a WWI fighter who promised to unify the country in the 1920s as his support rose. Demanded the king give him power: soon Mussolini became the most powerful dictator as the Prime Minister (1922).

• Italians loved him because industry was more productive, trains ran on time, and farming improved.

• Nicknamed il Duce -He expected all people to work for the betterment of the country; no one was protected from the dictator. He ordered the invasion of Ethiopia (in Africa) before WWII in order to display his power.

• When WWII started, Hitler influenced many of Mussolini’s decisions. Mussolini became physically and mentally ill, possible due to syphilis. Nazis invaded Italy and basically had control of the country.

• Italians will join forces with the Allies at the very end of WWII to fight against the Nazis.

Gave emotional speeches that excited the people of Italy

King of Italy was scared of

Mussolini

Hitler admired Mussolini

--Extreme form of nationalism (salutes, rallies, uniforms/designated colors, secret police),--People own property but gov’t has control and rules--there are different classes in society (lower, middle, upper) but supported financially by the rich--Restore economic growth, national pride, & punish those responsible for hard times

Promises:

Gov’t controlled by 1 person/party

(dictator) Suppressing

freedom & controlling every

aspect of life

Nazi = Fascism +These beliefs

1. Aryan race needs room to grow- all other races/people are inferior

2. Blamed Jews for problems

The measurements ofthe perfect Aryan man

Key Facts• After WWI, Germany was in a depression. Hitler promised to

restore Germany through the Nazi Party. By the early 1930s, Germans voted for the Nazi party, who won majority & control of the Reichstag (a body of the government, similar to Congress).

• Nickname: Fuehrer (the leader)--By 1934, Hitler abolished the office of president & declared himself Fuehrer.

• Hitler/Nazis were against: Treaty of Versailles, Jews, Gypsies, Communists, Homosexuals, Blacks, Non-Aryans.

I denounce the Treaty

of Versailles

I denounce communism

too!

Let’s become strong again!

Let’s improve the economy!

Jews are to blame for our economic

problems

They are notpart of the Aryan race

Germany needsLebensraum!

Living space!

• Hitler gained many fascist ideas from Mussolini. Together, they helped Spain form a fascist government.

• Hitler began to take land and invade areas around Germany, which violated the Treaty of Versailles (other countries appeased Hitler and did not stop him)– Appeased: Giving a person what he desires in exchange for

peace (not war).

• Hitler signed the non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union in 1939 (promises to remain neutral & will declare the areas they want to secretly control in Europe)

Fascism Spreads!

• Hitler aids Francisco Franco in his fascist revolution in Spain!

• Franco wins= Spain will support Germany.

“Hitler’s Scrimmage”

Prelude to War

True (A)False (B)

Hitler, Hirohito, and Mussolini created an alliance during

WWII.

#1

True (A)False (B)

Tojo was the emperor of Japan.

Hirohito was the Prime Minister of war who gave most of the orders during the WWII.

#2

True (A)False (B)

Nazis wearing brown uniforms is a representation of the ideas

based on fascism.

#3

True (A)False (B)

Italy represented the fascist and Nazi government.

#4

True (A)False (B)

Fascism and Totalitarianism mean the same things, which

make them synonyms.

#5

True (A)False (B)

Hitler believed Jews, Gypsies, homosexuals, blacks, and non-

Aryans should be killed.

He only supported Aryans and communists.

#6

True (A)False (B)

The people of Japan believed the emperor had the divine right to rule the country since he was chosen by the gods of Japan.

#7

True (A)False (B)

In 1939 Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non aggression pact in order

to remain neutral during WWII.

It also gave the two countries the chance to claim the land they

intended on seizing.

#8

True (A)False (B)

China was invaded by Japan.

#9

True (A)False (B)

Similar to America,

Germany, Japan, and Italy were all in a depression before WWII

started.

#10