The Attraction of Place. Attraction of Place Learning objectives Discuss the importance of...

The Attraction of PlaceThe Attraction of Place

Attraction of PlaceAttraction of Place

Learning objectives• Discuss the importance of attractions• Explain the four different themes of

geography• Describe the criteria in regionalization of

the world• List the important role of the International

Air Transportation Association (IATA) in regionalizing world tourism

Attraction of PlaceAttraction of Place

• People have always traveled

• Led human beings to explore new environments, seek new places, discover the unknown, search for different and strange places and enjoy other experiences

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

• Recent phenomenon

• Since WWII, international tourism developed over time

• Early tourism meant only for the rich and the brave

• Tourism brought many cultures together

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

• Improvements in transportation encouraged more travels from all round the world

• Budget airlines also play a significant role in SE Asia in increasing travelling opportunities for many current and would be travellers

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

• Well-developed links between tourism and geography creating an uniqueness of a place

• Thus, creating an attractiveness to a place

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

• Geography is the study of the earth as the home of humans

• Combination of factors that makes each individual place on the face of the earth somehow unique

• Attempt to gain an understanding of what makes each place unique

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

• Uniqueness results from the combination of the natural (or physical) setting of climate, landforms, and resources

• Cultural phenomena e.g. buildings, economy, dress styles, religion and political or other cultural features

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

• Process of tourism itself also contributes to the uniqueness of place

• Changes in economy, political organizations, culture, population and the physical environment alter the texture and fabric of the place

Attraction of placeAttraction of place

Geography and tourism are closely

interrelated in two ways :-

• Uniqueness of place creates an attraction

• Tourism is an agent of change, becoming an element in the uniqueness of place and an important variable in geographic studies

Elements of geographyElements of geography

Fundamental aspect of geography that

directly affects tourism:-

• a) is the need for measuring and

• b) indicating exact locations on the earth

Elements of geographyElements of geography

• Grid of lines on a map represents the fundamental tool for describing location

• Parallel lines extending east and west measure latitude north and south of the equator

Elements of geographyElements of geography

• North of the equator - northern hemisphere designated as north latitude

• South of the equator – southern hemisphere designated as south latitude

Elements of geographyElements of geography

• Parallel latitudes intersected by lines, called meridians extending north and south

• Meridian measure longitude

• Longitude measure of a point eastward or westward with respect to the prime meridian of Greenwich

Elements of geographyElements of geography

• Circular earth – 360 degrees of longitude

• World divided into two hemispheres a) northern-southern b) eastern-western

TimeTime

• Meridian separates east and west making the change in time from one day to another because of the rotation of the earth

• Meridian marking the change of date at 180 degrees is called the international date line

Themes of geographyThemes of geography

Four principal themes :-

1) Location :- geographic, absolute, relative

2) Place and space :- physical characteristics, climate, vegetation, landforms

Themes of geographyThemes of geography

Human and cultural characteristics :- language, food and clothing, political systems and religion, architectural

styles

3) Movement

4) Region

Location : The where of Location : The where of GeographyGeography

1) Absolute Location

• (Where is it?) Also referred to as Site

• Location of places on earth is of special concern to geographers

• Contributes to the uniqueness of place

Location : The where of Location : The where of geographygeography

2) Relative Location

• (Also referred to as situation)

• Examines the location of places with respect to other places to understand interdependence at local, regional, national and global scales

Location : The where of Location : The where of geographygeography

• Countries that have a poor relative location from the rest of the world are apt to have a lower standard of living

• Locations isolated by mountains, deserts or cultural phenomena such as language

• Countries include Chad, Rawanda, Nigeria, Somalia

Location : The where of Location : The where of geographygeography

3) Geographic Location

• Combination of absolute location and relative location

Location : The where of Location : The where of geographygeography

• Site (absolute location) – description of the internal characteristics of a place

• Situation (relative location) – looks at the external relationship of a place

Location : The where of Location : The where of geographygeography

• Development of tourism depends on its site and its situation

• Number of visitors depend on the perception by the potential tourists of other places

Place and space : The why of Place and space : The why of geographygeography

• Physical environment in each place

affects the ability of humans to live there and influences travel to each place

Physical Characteristics of PlacePhysical Characteristics of Place

Three elements of the physical

character of place important for tourism

are the following:-

1) Climate

2) Vegetation

3) Landforms

Physical Characteristics of PlacePhysical Characteristics of Place

1) Climate

affects the sense of place that characteristics each individual place, regardless of scale

Place and space :- The why of Place and space :- The why of geographygeography

a) The world’s climate

Interaction of the climate variables e.g. clouds, rain, wind, precipitation, temperature

i) Tropical climates :- humid climates that no winter season

ii) Dry climates :- desert

Place and space :- The why of Place and space :- The why of geographygeography

iii) Polar Climates :- subarctic and ice cap climates

Place and space :- The why of Place and space :- The why of geographygeography

2) Vegetation

• Patterns of vegetation broadly correlate with the patterns of climate e.g. tropical forests, deciduous forest (chestnut, oak)

Landforms: The Character of the Landforms: The Character of the EarthEarth

3) Landforms

surface features of a specific place

• Daily activities of the human residents and visitors to that place

Landforms: The Character of the Landforms: The Character of the EarthEarth

1) Environment and Tourism

• Rapidly growing types of travel is known as ecotourism

• Number of ways, including “travel that aims to preserve the natural world”

Landforms: The Character of the Landforms: The Character of the EarthEarth

2) Human and cultural characteristics of place

• Differences among the people

• Unique cultural and human characteristics

• Known as cultural geography of a place

Landforms: The Character of the Landforms: The Character of the EarthEarth

3) Language

• Ideas and concepts are transmitted within or between groups

• Preserving a way of life from one generation to another

Landforms: The Character of the Landforms: The Character of the EarthEarth

Importance of languages for tourism:-

• Develop travel patterns visiting countries where people speak their language

• Deterrent to tourists, discourage them from visiting a particular destination

Place and space :- The why of Place and space :- The why of geographygeography

4) Food and clothing

• Cultural differences between places that affect tourism

• Strong feelings towards food e.g. Muslim – Halal food and no pork

Place and space :- The why of Place and space :- The why of geographygeography

5) Political Systems and Religion

• Institutionalize the way of life of a group

• Provide order to a place

• Directly affect tourists e.g. currency, entertainment activities, food and dress code.

Place and space :- The why of Place and space :- The why of geographygeography

6) Architectural Styles

• Methods of construction and styles of buildings

• Reflect characteristic of the various places e.g. Great Wall of China, Singapore’s Chinatown, Epcot Center in Florida etc.

Movement within placesMovement within places

• Spread unevenly across the face of the earth

• Led to communication, products, information and ideas that are only available outside their respective environments

• Increasing interaction led to Global Interdependence

Movement within placesMovement within places

• Uniqueness of place increases opportunities for various races and nationalities to interact

Movement within placesMovement within places

3 terms are important in understanding the

Interaction between places:-

1) Complementarity

2) Intervening opportunity

3) Transferability

Movement within placesMovement within places

1) Complementarity

• Complementary relationship between two places

• Generates interaction in the form of tourism

Movement within placesMovement within places

2) Intervening opportunity

• Substitution of one place for another e.g. growth of a suburban mall leads suburban residents to shop at it instead of going downtown

Movement within placesMovement within places

3) Transferability

• Also known as accessibility, ease with which a person can go from one place to another

Barrier to Travel: Tourist SafetyBarrier to Travel: Tourist Safety

• Avoid a destination because of concern over their safety

• Lack of safety has serious impact on visitors and potential visitors e.g. Bali, Jordan and London bombings, 911 terrorist attack

• Governments establish measures to protect visitors e.g. increased police’s presence with uniform and plainclothes etc.

Regions : Organizing the Regions : Organizing the geography of tourismgeography of tourism

• Basis of cultural features e.g. language, culture and environment

• Events that occur in the world are located in regions

Regions : Organizing the Regions : Organizing the geography of tourismgeography of tourism

Regions led to :

• Distribution of wealth

• Economic development

• International Air Transportation Association (IATA)

SummarySummary

• Students will understand the different elements and themes of geography

• Each theme of geography will be explained in details and how each contributes to the success of tourism

• The role of the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) in regionalizing world tourism