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The Atomic Structure.
What is inside atoms?
The Atomic Structure
Thomson (1897) proved that the fundamental particles in all atoms are called electrons.
The Atomic Structure.
Rutherford (1920) discovered positively charged particels called Protons.
The Atomic Structure.
Chadwick (1932) discovered particles with no electric charge called neutrons.
The Atomic Structure.
All atoms contain: electrons.
The Atomic Structure.
All atoms contain: protons.
The Atomic Structure.
All atoms contain: and neutrons.
The Atomic Structure.
except the ordinary hydrogen atom which contains no neutrons.
The atomic structure
Particle name Mass (kg) Relative masses
electron 9.109x10-31 0.000549
proton 1.672x 10-27 1.007275
neutron 1.674x10-27 1.008665
The nucleus
An atom consists of electrons moving around a nucleus in the centre of the atom.
The nucleus
The nucleus of ordinary hydrogen is a proton.
The nucleus
The nuclei of other atoms consist of protons and neutrons
The nucleus
The number of protons Z varies from 1 to 92
The nucleus
Many elements with more than 93 protons have been made artificially and they are all radioactive
The nucleus
Neutron number N = number of neutrons in
the nucleus of an atom.
The nucleus
Nucleon number = total number of protons
or mass number +neutrons in a nucleus
The nucleus
Mass number A= Proton number Z +
neutron number N
The nucleus
Protons have positive charge.
The nucleus
Neutrons have no charge.
The nucleus
Electrons have negative charge.
Elecctrons in an atom
Elecctrons move in orbits, orbitals or energy levels around the nucleus
Elecctrons in an atom
In a neutral atom Number of protons = number of electrons
Elecctrons in an atom
The arrangement of electrons in orbitals of an atom is called electronic configuration.
Elecctrons in an atom
The chemical properties of an atom of an element depends on the electronic configuration of on atom.
Elecctrons in an atom
The first shell is the duplet shell and can accomodate up to a maximum of 2 electrons.
Elecctrons in an atom
The second shell is called octet can accomodate up to maximum of 8 electrons.
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration.
Hydrogen H 1
Electronic configuration
Hydrogen H 1
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