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Early Exploration• 1000 CE Leif Eriksson
lands in present day Canada (Vinland)
• 1492 Columbus lands in the New World
• Why no credit for the Vikings?
• Why so long between “discoveries”
What Changed?• 1095 the Crusades• Renaissance• Reformation• Technological Innovation• The Commercial Revolution• Strong Monarchies and the Nation-
State
Why Explore?
• Sea Routes to spices in Asia• Gold, silver, precious stones Expand
knowledge of the world• Control a larger empire (resources)• Spread Christianity• Animal furs/fish• Adventure
Why Explore New Maritime Technologies
Why Explore New Maritime Technologies
Hartman Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps [Portulan]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
Why Go West?•Turkish Empire•Direct/faster
trade route•Bandits•Taxes/tolls•Natural hazards •Competition
Why Not Go West?• Conventional Wisdom
– Knew the Earth was round– Thought the distance was too
great– Didn’t know about the Americas**
• Columbus thought it was shorter
Why ExploreCycle of Conquest and Colonization
Why ExploreCycle of Conquest and Colonization
Explorers Conquistadores
Mission
arie
s
PermanentSettlers
OfficialEuropeanColony!
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