The 1920’s

The 1920’s

The Roaring 20’s The Era of Boom & Bust The Laissez-faire Era “A Time for Living on the Froth of Society” Innovation and Revolution The Inter-war Period The Birth of Social Revolution and

Modernization

Election of 1920

James Cox (D) Governor of Ohio- Urged adoption of the League of Nations

Warren G. Harding (R)Senator from Ohio- Called for a “Return to Normalcy.”

Republican National Convention

Deadlocked in 1920. Harding alternative in a “smoke-filled room” Ohio political machine. (cronies) “Were just regular folk” A return to Isolationism

Election of…?

Appointments (Good)

Charles Evans Hughes – Supreme Court Justice and former presidential candidate appointed to Secretary of State.

Herbert Hoover – Food Administration leader during WWI appointed to Sec. of Commerce.

Andrew Mellon – Pittsburgh industrialist and millionaire appointed Sec. of Treasury

William Howard Taft – Former President and WWI labor negotiator appointed to Supreme Court Chief Justice.

Appointments (Bad)

Albert B. Fall – appointed to Sec. of the Interior.

Harry M. Daugherty – appointed Attorney General.

Teapot Dome Scandal, Wyoming

Domestic Policy

1) a reduction in the income tax 2) an increase in tariff rates under the

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922. 3) establishment of the Bureau of the Budget,

with procedures for all government expenditures to be placed in a single budget for Congress to review and vote on.

Washington Conference (1921)

Sec. of State Hughes pushes for conference. Reps. From Belgium, China, France, Great

Britain, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, and Portugal.

Three agreements were reached.

Agreement of Washington Conf.

First: 5-power: US 5

GB 5Japan 3France 1.67Italy 1.67

Agreement of Washington Conf.

Second4-power: U.S., France, G.B., Japan agreed to

respect one another’s territory in the Pacific.

Third9-power: Open Door policy with territorial

integrity of China.

Dichotomies of the 1920’s

Fundamentalism (religion) Birth control / divorce rates Red Scare Nativism (Quota Laws) Race Riots / Strikes Palmer Raids Prohibition Revivalists (Radio)

Modernism 19th Amendment (Suffrage) Social Revolution Jazz / Harlem Renaissance

Examples of Fundamentalism v. Modernism

Rise in the KKK The Great Migration The Scopes Trial Sacco and Vanzetti Case Blue Laws and Speakeasies Marcus Garvey