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Text came into use about 6,000 years ago
Text in History
The Power of Meaning and the Importance of Text
Titles
Menus
Navigational aids
•Words must be chosen carefully
•Words appear in:
•Test the words you plan to use
What is Text?
Words and symbols in any form, spoken or written, are the most common means of communication.
Texts in the form of words, sentences and paragraphs is used to communicate thoughts, ideas and facts in nearly every aspect of our lives.
Text is a vital element of multimedia menus, navigation systems, and content.
What is Text?
Multimedia products depends on text for many
things: to explain how the application work.
to guide the user in navigating through the application.
deliver the information for which the application was designed.
What is Text?
Based on creating letters, numbers and special characters.
Text elements can be categories into:
Alphabet characters : A – Z
Numbers : 0 – 9
Special characters : Punctuation [. , ; ‘ …] , Sign or
Symbols [* & ^ % $ £ ! /\ ~ # @ .…]
Also known Character Sets
May also include special icon or drawing symbols,
mathematical symbols, Greek Letter etc.
Importance of Text in a Multimedia Presentation
Factors affecting legibility of text:
Size. The size of the text
Background and foreground color. The color in which the text is written in / on.
Style. Also known as typeface and font
Leading. refers to the amount of added space between lines of type.
Background and foreground color (BG – Light colored, FG –
Dark)
Size
Style
Leading
A ‘typeface’ is a family of graphic characters that
usually includes many type sizes and styles.
A typeface contains a series of fonts.
Understanding Fonts and Typefaces
Arial Typefaces Family
Understanding Fonts and Typefaces
A ‘font’ is a collection of characters of a particular size
and style belonging to a particular typeface family.
Usually vary by type sizes and styles.
This includes the letter set, the number set, and all of the
special character and diacritical marks you get by pressing
the shift, option, or command/control keys.
Arial Fonts
Understanding Fonts and Typefaces
The study of fonts and typefaces includes the following:
Font styles - boldface, italic, underline, outline
Font sizes - point, kerning, leading
Cases – uppercase, lowercase, intercap
Serif versus Sans Serif
The sizes are measured in points
1 point = 1/72 inch
Font Styles
The technology of font effects in bringing viewer’s attention to content:Case: UPPER and lower cased letterBold, Italic, Underline, superscript or subscript
EmbossedEmbossed or ShadowShadowCCoolloouurrssb
Strikethrough
Font Sizes
Font size is measured in points.
Character metrics are the general measurements applied to
individual characters.
Kerning is the spacing between character pairs
Leading is the space between lines.
Reading Line OneReading Line One
Reading Line TwoReading Line TwoLeading
vA
Tracking, Kerning and Leading
Av vAUnkerned Kerned
Tracking, Kerning and Leading
Reading Line OneReading Line One
Reading Line OneReading Line OneLeading
AscenderAscender :: an upstroke on a character DescenderDescender : : the down stroke below the baseline of a character Leading Leading : : spacing above and below a font or Line spacing TrackingTracking : : spacing between characters KerningKerning : : space between pairs of characters, usually as an
overlap for improvement appearance
Cases
A capitalized letter is referred to as 'uppercase', while a
small letter is referred to as 'lowercase.'
Placing an uppercase letter in the middle of a word is
referred to as intercap.
Serif Versus Sans Serif
Times New RomanBookman Rockwell LightCourier NewCentury
Times New RomanBookman Rockwell LightCourier NewCentury
Examples of Serif fontsExamples of Serif fonts
Century Gothic
ArialComic Sans
MSImpactTahoma
Century Gothic
ArialComic Sans
MSImpactTahoma
Examples of San Serif fonts
Examples of San Serif fonts
Serif San Serif
Serif is the little decoration at the end of a letter stroke.(tiny horizontal lines at the top and bottom )
Sans serif fonts do not have a serif at the end of a letter stroke.
Serif fonts are used for documents or screens that have large quantities of text.
Where San serif fonts are used for headlines and bold statements.
For computer displays, Sans SerifSans Serif fonts considered better because of the sharper contrast
Using Text Elements in a Multimedia Presentation
The text elements used in multimedia are:
Menus for navigation.
Interactive buttons.
Fields for reading.
HTML documents.
Symbols and icons.
Menus for Navigation
A user navigates through content using a menu.
A simple menu consists of a text list of topics.
Interactive Buttons
A button is a clickable object that executes a command
when activated.
Users can create their own buttons from bitmaps and
graphics.
The design and labeling of the buttons should be treated as
an industrial art project.
Fields for Reading
Reading a hard copy is easier and faster than reading from
the computer screen.
A document can be printed in one of two orientations -
portrait or landscape.
Fields for Reading
Monitor use wider-than-tall aspect ratios called landscape
Most books use taller-than- wide orientation, called portrait
Don’t try to shrink a full page onto a monitor
portrait
landscape
possible solutions if you are working with a block of text that is taller than what will fit:
Put the text into a scrolling field. This is the solution used by web browsers.
Put the text into a single field or graphic image in a project window, and let the user move the whole window up or down upon command. This is most appropriate when you need to present text with page breaks and formatting identical to the printed document. This is used by Adobe’s popular Acrobat Reader for displaying PDF files.
Break the text into fields that fit on monitor-sized pages, and design control buttons to flip through these pages.
Design your multimedia project for a special monitor that is taller than it is wide (portrait) or a normal monitor rotated onto its side. Dedicated “page view” monitors are expensive; they are used for commercial print-based typesetting and layout. Video controllers can rotate the text display for you:
HTML Documents
HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language.
It is the standard document format used for Web pages.
HTML documents are marked using tags.
An advanced form of HTML is DHTML.
DHTML stands for Dynamic Hypertext Markup Language.
DHTML uses Cascading Style Sheets (CSS).
HTML Documents
Some of the commonly used tags are:
The <B> tag for making text bold faced.
The <OL> tag for creating an ordered list.
The <IMG> tag for inserting images.
Symbols and Icons
Symbols are concentrated text in the form of stand-alone
graphic constructs.
They are used to convey meaningful messages.
Symbols used to convey human emotions are called
emoticons.
Icons are symbolic representations of objects and
processes.
Animating Text
To grab a viewer’s attention:
let text “fly” onto screen
rotate or spin text, etc.
Use special effects.
Hypermedia and Hypertext
Hyper media provides a structure of links
Hypertext words are linked to other elements
Hypertext is usually searchable by software robots
30Hypermedia and Hypertext
1. Hypermedia:
Multimedia is defined as the combination of text, graphics, and audio elements into a single presentation.
When the user assumes control over the presentation, it is called interactive multimedia.
Interactive multimedia becomes hypermedia when a structure of linked elements is provided to the user for navigation and interaction.
31Hypermedia and Hypertext
2. Hypertext System:
Hypertext is defined as the organized cross-linking of words, images, and other Web elements.
A system in which words are keyed or indexed to other words is referred to as a hypertext system.
A hypertext system enables the user to navigate through text in a non-linear way.
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3. Hypermedia Structures:
a. Links:
Links are connections between conceptual elements. Links are the navigation pathways and menus.
b. Nodes:
Nodes are accessible topics, documents, messages, and content elements.
Nodes and links form the backbone of a knowledge access system.
Hypermedia and Hypertext
33
5. Hypermedia Structures (continued):
c. Anchors:
Anchor is defined as the reference from one document to another document, image, sound, or file on the Web.
The source node linked to the anchor is referred to as a link anchor.
The destination node linked to the anchor is referred to as a link end.
d. Navigating Hypermedia Structures:
The simplest way to navigate hypermedia structures is via buttons.
Location markers must be provided to make navigation user-friendly.
Hypermedia and Hypertext
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4. Hypertext ToolsTwo functions common to most hypermedia text management
systems are building (authoring) and reading.
The functions of a builder are: Creating links Identifying nodes Generating an index of word
Hyper systems are used for: Electronic publishing and reference works. Technical documentation. Educational courseware. Interactive kiosks. Electronic catalogs.
Hypermedia and Hypertext
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