View
224
Download
0
Category
Preview:
Citation preview
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 1/28
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
& INTELLIGENCE
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 2/28
Construct
_____________________________________
_Intelligence – how long to solve a problem?
Love – # of acts demonstrating affection
Depression – % of day spent crying
However, we can identify behaviors that
indicate the presence or absence of the
construct
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 3/28
Psychological Test: a standardized
measure of a sample of behavior
Standardized:___________________________
Measure: assesses something
Sample of behavior:_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
_________
PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 4/28
Intelligence Test: a measure of
_______________________________________
Aptitude Test: a measure of specific
types of mental abilities
Achievement Test: a measure of
_______________________________________
Personality Scale: a measure of aspects
of personality (includes___________________________________
TYPES OF TESTS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 5/28
Reliability: the measurement consistency
of the test
Test-retest reliability______________________________________
___
Inter-rater reliability
______________________________________
______________________________________
______
CHARACTERISTICS OF TESTS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 6/28
RELIABILITY
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 7/28
Validity: the ability of a test to measure
what it was designed to measure
Content validity______________________________________
___
Concurrent validity
______________________________________
______________________________________
______
VALIDITY
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 8/28
Alfred Binet
Binet-Simon Scale (1905)
First useful test of intelligence
Mental Age: the mental abilities of a child,
relative to his or her chronological age
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 9/28
Lewis Terman
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale (1916)
________________: a child’s mental agedivided by chronological age, multiplied by
100
Allowed comparisons of kids at different
ages
Mage = 12, Cage = 10…(12/10)*100 = 120
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 10/28
However, there were some problems with
the original IQ for adults:
Mage = 80, Cage = 40…IQ of 200?
So the ____________ was developed
Divide test score by the average test score
of people in the same age group, then
multiply by 100_____________________________________
_____________________________________
______
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 11/28
David Wechsler
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (1939)
First IQ test for adults
Measures verbal & nonverbal skills
Bases scores on the normal distribution
Compared to others of the same age
HISTORY OF INTELLIGENCE TESTING
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 12/28
Normal Distribution: a symmetric, bell-shaped
curve that
___________________________________________
_____________________________________________
_____
MODERN IQ SCORES
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 13/28
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 14/28
Mental Retardation: sub-average general mental
ability accompanied by deficiencies in adaptive
skills, originating before age 18 (IQ < 70-75)
EXTREME SCORES ON IQ TESTS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 15/28
Mental Retardation: 2-3% of the population
qualify; most are mildly retarded
(__________________________________________
____)
EXTREME SCORES ON IQ TESTS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 16/28
Giftedness
Upper ______% of the IQ distribution
IQ > _______
Terman’s “Termites” (1921)
Longitudinal study of 1500 children
Average IQ = ______Successful in a wide variety of settings and
skill sets
EXTREME SCORES ON IQ TESTS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 17/28
Is it all just IQ?
_________________: eminence primarily
depends on dogged determinism,endless and tedious practice, and
outstanding mentoring and training.
WHAT MAKES A “GENIUS?”
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 18/28
Are some racial or ethnic groups just
smarter than others????
CULTURAL FACTORS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 19/28
Three possible explanations:
1. Question bias:
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
____________________________________
________But it’s difficult to find examples in today’s
IQ tests of biased questions
CULTURAL FACTORS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 20/28
2. Stereotype threat & Self-fulfilling
prophecies
Stereotype threat: fear on the part of the
person being tested that they will fulfill a
stereotype
Self-fulfilling prophecy: examinee lives up
(or down) to expectations
CULTURAL FACTORS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 21/28
3. Third-variable problem:
Some other factor that is correlated with
IQ accounts for the findings:
__________________________
___________________________
____________________
__________________________________________
____________________________
CULTURAL FACTORS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 22/28
“There is more likeness between children
of the same social status but different
race than children of the same race but
of different social status” (Arlitt, 1921,
p. 183).
CULTURAL FACTORS
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 23/28
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 24/28
Emotional Intelligence:
The ability to ________________________
_________________________________________________________, and
______________________
Creativity: the generation of ideas thatare original, novel, and useful
DIFFERENT INTELLIGENCES
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 25/28
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 26/28
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 27/28
In general, scores on IQ tests
_________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________
_________
Is there any way to increase intelligence?
IS INTELLIGENCE STABLE?
7/29/2019 TEST 4 Psychological Testing & Intelligence
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/test-4-psychological-testing-intelligence 28/28
Education!
Correlation between education and IQ is
between +.55 and +.90
Do smarter people stay in school longer?
Does staying in school make someone
smarter?
Both!
Also, take good care of yourself overall.
IMPROVING INTELLIGENCE
Recommended